ALKANE FORMULAS

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=28 BGCOLOR="#006699" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#FFFBF0" FACE="Arial" ><B>CHEMISTRY SCHOOL</B></FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FFFBF0" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FFFFCC" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT><B>  </B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FFFFCC" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CHEMISTRY SCHOOL"><U>HOME PAGE - INDEX TO THE LESSONS</U></A>                                                WRITING FORMULAS FOR ALKANES </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" height=452 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="538" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#660000" BORDERCOLORDARK="#660000" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="320"><div> <B>THE FORMULA WRITING SYSTEM</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <B>EXPLANATORY NOTES</B></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 90 ><NOBR><div> <B>1.0</B></div> <div> THIS FORMULA WRITING SYSTEM HELPS YOU,</div> <div> TO TELL BOTH COMPUTERS & PEOPLE, EXACTLY,</div> <div>  HOW A CHEMICAL WAS CREATED ORIGINALLY. </div> <div> OR IS TO BE FABRICATED. </div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> THIS A CHEMICAL FORMULA</div> <div> WRITING SYSTEM FOR THOSE,</div> <div> WHO WISH TO USE COMPUTERS,</div> <div> TO ASSIST THEM, IN CREATING</div> <div> ALKANE PETRO CHEMICALS.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 113 ><NOBR><div> <B>1.1</B> </div> <div> FIRST IT TELLS THE COMPUTER:</div> <div> THE COMPLETE NAME OF THE CHEMICAL  </div> <div> EXAMPLE: </div> <div> <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>PROPANE</B></FONT> = 3.CBN:+8.HDR: = H3C'+>CH2+'CH3</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <I>1.1</I></div> <div> <I>LATER THE COMPUTER,</I></div> <div> <I>CAN RETRIEVE ALL YOUR FILES</I></div> <div> <I>WITH THE NAME,  PROPANE</I></div> <div> REVIEW THE SYMBOLS, RIGHT</div> <bR> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 127 ><NOBR><div> <B>1.</B><B>2</B></div> <div> THEN IT TELLS THE COMPUTER:</div> <div> THIS CHEMICAL MUST <B>EQUAL</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial Black" > =</FONT></div> <div> THIS MANY ATOMS OF EACH ATOMIC ELEMENT</div> <div> <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" >PROPANE</FONT> <B>=</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Zurich BT" > 3.CBN:+8.HDR: = H3C'+>C2H+'CH3</FONT></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <I> 1.2</I></div> <div> <I> IN THIS SYSTEM,                    </I></div> <div> <I>THE CHEMICAL NAME </I></div> <div> <I>& CHEMICAL FORMULA,</I></div> <div> <I>ARE ALL ONE UNIT </I></div> <div> <I>OF INTER-RELATED</I></div> <div> <I>INFORMATION.</I></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 105 ><NOBR><div> <B>1.3</B></div> <div> THEN IT TELLS THE COMPUTER:</div> <div> THIS CHEMICAL MUST HAVE,EXACTLY ,</div> <div> THIS MANY ATOMS OF EACH ATOMIC ELEMENT</div> <div> <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Zurich BT" >PROPANE<B> </B></FONT><B>=</B><B> </B><B>3.CBN+8.HDR</B><B> </B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Zurich BT" >= H3C'+>CH2+'CH3</FONT></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <I>1.3</I></div> <div> <I>EACH ATOMIC ELEMENT,</I></div> <div> <I>HAS A 3 LETTER SYMBOL</I></div> <div> <I>ONLY THESE SYMBOLS ARE</I></div> <div> <I>USEABLE IN COMPUTERS</I></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 123 ><NOBR><div> <B>1.4</B></div> <div> THEN IT TELLS THE COMPUTER,</div> <div> THESE CHEMICAL COMPONENTS,</div> <div> SHALL BE JOINED TOGETHER,</div> <div> ACCORDING TO THESE DIRECTIONS</div> <div> PROPANE <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Zurich Blk BT" >=</FONT> 3.CBN:+8.HDR: <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>=</B> <B>H3C'+"CH2+'CH3</B></FONT></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <I>1.4</I></div> <div> <I>THE CHEMICAL COMPONENT </I></div> <div> <I>SYMBOLS ARE COMBINED,</I></div> <div> <I>3 to 4 LETTER, NUMBER,</I></div> <div> <I>& BONDING VALENCE VALUE</I></div> <div> <I>SYMBOLS. AS SHOWN BELOW</I></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="514"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="514" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 ><NOBR><div> <B>TEMPERATURE </B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Swiss 721 SWA" ><B>&</B></FONT><B> TIMING DIRECTIONS</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <B>EXPLANATORY NOTES</B></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 145 ><NOBR><div> <B>1.5</B></div> <div> THE FORMULA COMPONENTS ARE REPEATED </div> <div> & GIVEN CHEMICAL (CMCL) </div> <div> ORDER OF PROCESSING NUMBERS.</div> <div> <B>CMCL1 = H3C'</B></div> <div> <B>CMCL2 = </B><B>>CH2</B></div> <div> <B>CMCL3 = </B><B>'CH3</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <I>1.5</I></div> <div> <I>THE ORDER OF PROCESSING</I></div> <div> <I>NUMBERS,ELIMINATE WASTE</I></div> <div> <I>& ACCIDENTS, DURING THE</I></div> <div> <I>SYNTHESIS OF CHEMICALS</I></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 157 ><NOBR><div> <B>1.6</B></div> <div> THE ORDER OF PROCESSING NUMBERS,</div> <div> AND THE FORMULA COMPONENTS ARE REPEATED</div> <div> AND RELATED TO THEIR SCIENTIFIC NAMES</div> <div> CMCL1 ~  H3C' =  <B>REVERSE METHYL /</B></div> <div> CMCL2 ~ >CH2 = <B>METHYLENE /</B></div> <div> CMCL3 ~ 'CH3 =  <B>METHYL /</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <I>1.6</I></div> <div> <I>WHEN THE LISTED </I></div> <div> <I>CHEMICAL COMPONENTS</I></div> <div> <I>HAVE A BACK SLASH </I></div> <div> <I>AFTER THEM,</I></div> <div> <I>IT CREATES </I></div> <div> <I>IN THE COMPUTER</I></div> <div> <I>A LINE OF ACTIVITY</I></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 191 ><NOBR><div> <B>1.7</B></div> <div> THE ORDER OF PROCESSING NUMBERS,</div> <div> AND THE FORMULA COMPONENTS </div> <div> AND THEIR SCIENTIFIC NAMES</div> <div> ARE THEN, IS COMBINED, INTO ONE, </div> <div> 3 PART, CHEMICAL COMPONENT DESIGNATION</div> <div> CMCL1 ~  H3C' ~  REVERSE METHYL /</div> <div> CMCL2 ~ >CH2 ~ METHYLENE /</div> <div> CMCL3 ~ 'CH3 ~  METHYL /</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <I>1.7</I></div> <bR> <div> <I>THIS 3 PART </I></div> <div> <I>PROCESSING DESIGNATION </I></div> <div> <I>TIES THE DESIGNATION</I></div> <div> <I>INTO 3 TO 6 SEPARATE</I></div> <div> <I>MONITORING PROGRAMS</I></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 120 ><NOBR><div> <B>1.8</B></div> <div> THE NAMED FORMULA COMPONENTS ARE REPEATED</div> <div> WITH THEIR ENTRANCE TEMPERATURES</div> <div> CMCL1~  REVERSE METHYL @+27C^<B> </B>|</div> <div> CMCL2 ~ METHYLENE<B> </B>@ 27C^ |</div> <div> CMCL3 ~ METHYL @ +29C^ |</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <I>1.8</I></div> <div> <I>THE VERTICAL BAR,  |</I></div> <div> <I>AFTER EACH COMPONENT</I></div> <div> <I>TELLS THE COMPUTER,</I></div> <div> <I>TO STORE THEM AS,</I></div> <div> <I>SEPARATE LISTED DATA</I></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 258 ><NOBR><div> <B>1.9</B></div> <div>  THEN PROCESS DIRECTIONS ARE GIVEN AFTER,</div> <div>  THEIR 3 PART PROCESS DESIGNATION </div> <div> <B>CMCL1 ~ H3C' ~ REVERSE METHYL</B></div> <div> 1.1~HOLD AT ENTRANCE TMP +27C^ 45 MINUTES</div> <div> 1.2~AGITATE CONSTANTLY</div> <div> <B>CMCL2 ~ >CH2 ~ METHYLENE</B></div> <div> 2.1~HOLD AT ENTRANCE TMP +29C^20 HRS</div> <div> 2.2~INTRODUCE WITH 4.8 ATM PRESSURE CONTROLS</div> <div> <B>CMCL3 ~ 'CH3 ~ METHYL</B>     </div> <div> 3.1~HOLD AT ENTRANCE TMP +33C^ 20 HRS</div> <div> 3.2~INTRODUCE AT 3 ATM INTO CMCL1 & CMCL2 </div> <div>        HAVING A CONTROLLED TEMPERATURE OF 220C^</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <I>1.9</I></div> <div> <I>THE 3 PART PROCESSING</I></div> <div> <I>DESIGNATION FROM 1.6</I></div> <div> <I>TIES THE DESIGNATION</I></div> <div> <I>INTO 3 TO 6 SEPARATE</I></div> <div> <I>MONITORING PROGRAMS</I></div> <bR> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> </td> <td valign="top" width=232 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="208" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#993380" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 35 ><NOBR><div> WRITING A FORMULA</div> <div> FOR THE ALKANE PROPANE</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 113 ><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="129d8d6c0.gif" border=0 width="141" height="108" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 51 WIDTH="196"><div> <B>COMPUTER </B></div> <div> <B>PROGRAMING</B></div> <div> <B>CHEMICAL SYMBOLS</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 81 ><NOBR><div>  THESE CHEMICAL SYMBOLS ARE</div> <div>   COMBINED 3 & 4 CHARACTER &</div> <div>   LETTER,CHEMICAL COMPONENT,</div> <div>   PROGRAMING SYMBOLS.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 32 WIDTH="46"><div> <B>>C<</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="148"><div> 4 BONDING</div> <div> CARBON ATOM</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 67 WIDTH="46"><div> <B>>'CH</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> A HYDROLENE</div> <div> CARBON ATOM WITH</div> <div> 3 CARBON ATOMS</div> <div> BONDED TO IT</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 50 ><NOBR><div> <B>>CH2</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> A METHYLENE CARBON</div> <div> BONDED TO TWO</div> <div> OTHER CARBON ATOMS</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="46"><div> <B>'CH3</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> A METHYL COMPONENT</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 32 WIDTH="46"><div> <B>H3C'</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> A REVERSE METHYL</div> <div> COMPONENT</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="46"><div> <B>C^</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> CENTIGRADE DEGREES</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 32 WIDTH="46"><div> <B>ATM</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> A ATMOS OF PRESSURE</div> <div> 1ATM = 660 TORR UNITS</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 19 ><NOBR><div> <B>CMCL</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> CHEMICAL COMPONENT</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div>     NOTE THAT COMPUTERS CAN,</div> <div>     ONLY COMPREHEND THE</div> <div>     QUANTITYS WHEN THEY ARE</div> <div>     IN FRONT OF THE 3 LETTER</div> <div>     ABBREVIATION SYMBOLS.</div> <bR> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>