ELECTRON ORBITALS

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=28 BGCOLOR="#006699" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#FFFBF0" FACE="Arial" ><B>CHEMISTRY SCHOOL</B></FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FFFBF0" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FFFFCC" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT><B>          </B><B> </B><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CHEMISTRY SCHOOL"><U>HOME PAGE - INDEX TO THE LESSONS</U></A> <B>  </B><B>               </B>VIEW  WITH  •  View > Text Size > Smaller <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FFFFCC" FACE="Arial" >                            <B>                                          </B>                                      </FONT></div> <div> </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" width=205 BGCOLOR="#FFCC66" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <A HREF="atomic_research1ce_what_are_atoms__.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="ATOMIC RESEARCH"><U> 1   ATOMIC RESEARCH</U></A></div> <div> STUDYS OF ATOMIC CRYSTALS</div> <div> MADE BY RESEARCHERS</div> <div> WITH SCANNING TUNNELING</div> <div> MICROSCOPES</div> <div> <A HREF="how_atoms_join1cc.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="HOW ATOMS JOIN"><U> 2   HOW ATOMS JOIN ?</U></A></div> <div> WHEN THE TEMPERATURE IS</div> <div> JUST RIGHT,  ATOMS CAN BE</div> <div> ATTRACTED TO THE NUCLEUS</div> <div> OF OTHER NEARBY ATOMS</div> <div> <A HREF="electron_orbitals.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="ELECTRON ORBITALS"><U>3.  ELECTRON ORBITALS</U></A></div> <div> ELECTRONS REVOLVE </div> <div> AROUND THE NUCLEUS </div> <div> IN ATOMS,IN SPECIAL ORBITS </div> <bR> <div> IN THE TEXT</div> <div> WE USE THE <A HREF="simplified_atomic_names.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="NEW SIMPLIFIED NAMES"><U>NEW NAMES</U></A></div> <div> OF THE ATOMIC ELEMENTS,</div> <div> SO THAT EVERYONE </div> <div> ON THE WORLD WIDE WEB,</div> <div> CAN UNDERSTAND</div> <div> THESE COURSES</div> </td> <td valign="top" height=452 BGCOLOR="#FFCC66" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0033FF" FACE="Arial" ><I><B>THE ELECTRON ORBITALS</B></I></FONT><I><B>. </B></I><I><B> <A NAME="how_atoms_join"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></I></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="6" CELLPADDING="5" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="564" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" BGCOLOR=#00FFFF > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 198 ><NOBR><div> <I>THE ORBITAL OF HYDRON-HYDROGEN</I></div> <div> HYDRON IS #1, THE FIRST </div> <div> AND SMALLEST OF THE ATOMIC ELEMENTS</div> <div> IT IS SENSED AS A GAS, IN OUR ATMOSPHERE</div> <div> HYDRON ATOMS </div> <div> HAVE ONLY 1 ELECTRON REVOLVING</div> <div> AROUND THE 1 PROTON OF ITS NUCLEUS</div> <div> THE PATH OF THE REVOLVING ELECTRON,</div> <div> IS CALLED ITS ORBIT, OR ITS <A HREF="glossary_orbital.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="TO THE GLOSSARY"><U>ORBITAL</U></A></div> <bR> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="19d74b250.gif" border=0 width="75" height="37" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <I>A HYDRON ATOM </I></div> <div> HAS 1 ELECTRON.</div> <div> IT MAKES A HORIZONTAL </div> <div> <A HREF="glossary_orbital.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="TO THE GLOSSARY"><U>ORBITAL</U></A> PATH AROUND</div> <div> THE PROTON IN ITS NUCLEUS</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 398 ><NOBR><div> <I>THE ORBITALS OF HELION-HELIUM</I></div> <div> HELION #2, IS THE SECOND ATOMIC ELEMENT.</div> <div> IT IS ALSO GASIOUS, ATOMIC ELEMENT </div> <div> IT HAS, ELECTRICALLY CHARGED, </div> <div> PION-TYPE, NUCLEONS, </div> <div> IN ITS NUCLEUS, THAT EXERT SO MUCH,</div> <div> ELECTRO-MAGNETIC FORCE,</div> <div> UPON, </div> <div> THE 2 ELECTRONS OF THE HELION ATOMS</div> <div> THAT, THEY MAKE,</div> <div> THE 2 ELECTRONS, SPIN AROUND,</div> <div> IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION,</div> <div> TO THE SPIN OF NORMAL ELECTRONS.</div> <div> THIS MAKES IT DIFFICULT,  FOR THEM,</div> <div> TO BE ATTRACTED TO THE NUCLEUS,</div> <div> OF OTHER ATOMIC ELEMENTS & BOND TO THEM,</div> <div> UNLESS THE OTHER ATOMIC ELEMENTS,</div> <div> ALSO HAVE A FEW REVERSE SPINNING ELECTRONS,</div> <div> WHICH ARE CALLED,"POSITRON ELECTRONS"</div> <div> AS ALL THE ATOMS OF THE HALOGENS HAVE.<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#990000" FACE="Swis721 Ex BT" ><B>  </B></FONT></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="19f6534c0.gif" border=0 width="83" height="76" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> A HELION ATOM </div> <div> HAS 2 ELECTRONS </div> <div> THAT MAKE SEPARATE ORBITALS</div> <div>  AROUND THE 2 PROTONS </div> <div> IN ITS NUCLEUS</div> <div> THE INNER ORBITAL IS HORIZONTAL</div> <div> THE OUTER ORBITAL IS VERTICAL</div> <div> THEREFORE, </div> <div> THEY ARE SAID TO BE,</div> <div> PERPENDICULAR TO EACH OTHER</div> <div> <IMG SRC="19e2b2320.gif" border=0 width="178" height="50" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 236 ><NOBR><div> <I>THE ORBITALS OF LITION-LITHIUM</I></div> <div> LITION #3, IS THE THIRD ATOMIC ELEMENT.</div> <div> THE OUTER,BONDING,ELECTRON ORBITAL</div> <div> OF A LITION ATOM IS ALWAYS HORIZONTAL</div> <div> THE NEXT,MORE INNER ELECTRON ORBITAL,</div> <div> IS THE ORBITAL OF A, REVERSE SPINNING,</div> <div>                                         "POSITRON ELECTRON",</div> <div> IT HAS A ORBITAL PATH,THAT IS ALWAYS VERTICAL.</div> <div> AND CAUSES, LITION TO BE AN ALKALI METALINE.</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><bR> <div> <IMG SRC="19de6b5b0.gif" border=0 width="107" height="91" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> A LITION ATOM </div> <div> HAS 3 ELECTRONS </div> <div> THAT MAKE SEPARATE ORBITALS</div> <div>  AROUND THE 3 PROTONS </div> <div> IN ITS NUCLEUS</div> <bR> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 263 ><NOBR><div> <I>THE ORBITALS OF BERILION-BERYLLIUM</I></div> <div> BERILION #4, IS THE FOURTH ATOMIC ELEMENT.</div> <div> IT HAS 4 PLUS CHARGED PIONS,</div> <div>      and 4 MINUS CHARGED MUONS,IN ITS NUCLEUS</div> <div> THIS CAUSES,THE 2 INNER ELECTRON ORBITALS,</div> <div> TO BE "POSITRON ELECTRON" ORBITALS</div> <div> THIS IS WHY, BERILION<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#AAAAAA" FACE="Arial" >-( BERYLLIUM )</FONT></div> <div> IS AN<U> ALKALINE</U> SOIL METALINE</div> <bR> <div> BECAUSE,THE 2 OUTER ELECTRON ORBITALS,</div> <div> ARE PERPENDICULAR TO EACH OTHER,</div> <div> ROCKS MADE OF BERILION TEND TO BREAK,</div> <div> OR FRACTURE AT 90° ANGLES</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> <I><IMG SRC="1a0f98680.gif" border=0 width="152" height="104" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></I></div> <div> A BERILION ATOM </div> <div> HAS 4 ELECTRONS </div> <div> THAT MAKE SEPARATE ORBITALS</div> <div>  AROUND THE 4 PROTONS </div> <div> IN ITS NUCLEUS</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 255 ><NOBR><div> <I>THE ORBITALS OF BORON</I></div> <div> BORON #5, IS THE FIFTH ATOMIC ELEMENT.</div> <div> IT HAS 4 DIAGONAL ELECTRON ORBITALS</div> <div> AND 1 VERTICAL,"POSITRON ELECTRON",ORBITAL.</div> <div> THE ELECTRONS,</div> <div> IN THE 2 OUTER, DIAGONAL ORBITALS,</div> <div> ALWAYS BOND,TO OTHER ATOMS, BEFORE,</div> <div> THE VERTICAL ORBITING,</div> <div> POSITRON ELECTRON BONDS</div> <div> AND OFTEN, IT TAKES 8 -12 HOURS,</div> <div> FOR THE POSITRON ELECTRON TO BOND.</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> <I><IMG SRC="19e47b870.gif" border=0 width="123" height="135" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></I></div> <div> A BORON ATOM </div> <div> HAS 5 ELECTRONS </div> <div> THAT MAKE 4 DIAGONAL ORBITALS</div> <div>  AND ONE VERTICAL ORBITAL</div> <div> AS THEY REVOLVE AROUND</div> <div> THE BORON NUCLEUS</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 348 ><NOBR><div> <I>THE ORBITALS OF CARBON</I></div> <div> CARBON #6, IS THE SIXTH ATOMIC ELEMENT.</div> <div> CARBON ATOMS HAVE, TWO INNER, SINGLE,</div> <div> PERPENDICULAR ELECTRON ORBITALS,</div> <div> SURROUNDED BY: </div> <div> TWO VERTICAL PAIRED ELECTRON ORBITALS AND</div> <div> TWO HORIZONTAL,PAIRED ELECTRONS ORBITALS.</div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="309" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 90 ><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="19ee50550.gif" border=0 width="80" height="85" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER ROWSPAN=2><NOBR><div>   </div> <div>   </div> <div>   WHEN THE ELECTRONS ON</div> <div>   THE PAIRED OUTER ORBITALS </div> <div>   BOND TO OTHER CARBON ATOMS</div> <div>   THEY MAKE A 4 SIDED, </div> <div>   TETRAHEDRAL MOLECULE</div> <bR> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 83 ><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="19ef524e0.gif" border=0 width="82" height="78" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> <I><IMG SRC="19e595780.gif" border=0 width="149" height="120" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></I></div> <div> A CARBON ATOM </div> <div> HAS 6 ELECTRONS </div> <div> THAT MAKE PERPENDICULAR </div> <div> ELECTRON ORBITALS</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 286 ><NOBR><div> <I>THE ORBITALS OF NITRON-NITROGEN</I></div> <div> NITRON #7, IS THE SEVENTH ATOMIC ELEMENT.</div> <div> EACH NITRON ATOM HAS: </div> <div> 2 SINGLE, INNER, DIAGONAL ELECTRON ORBITALS,</div> <div> TWO DIAGONAL,PAIRED ELECTRON ORBITALS and,</div> <div> ONE VERTICAL OUTER ELECTRON ORBITAL</div> <bR> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="319" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 100 ><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="19f1525b0.gif" border=0 width="82" height="91" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM><NOBR><div> WHEN THE ELECTRONS IN,</div> <div> THE 5 OUTER ELECTRON ORBITALS </div> <div> ARE BONDED TO 5 OTHER ATOMS</div> <div> THEY MAKE A 5 SIDED </div> <div> PYRAMIDAL MOLECULE</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> <I><IMG SRC="19e68fa90.gif" border=0 width="143" height="169" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></I></div> <div> A NITRON ATOM </div> <div> HAS 7 ELECTRONS </div> <div> THAT MAKE SIX DIAGONAL</div> <div> ELECTRON ORBITALS AND,</div> <div> ONE, OUTER VERTICAL</div> <div> ELECTRON ORBITAL</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 473 ><NOBR><div> <I>THE ORBITALS OF OCSION-OXYGEN</I></div> <div> OCSION #8, IS THE EIGHTH ATOMIC ELEMENT<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#AAAAAA" FACE="Arial" >.</FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#888888" FACE="Arial" >(AETH)</FONT></div> <div> EACH OCSION ATOM HAS,</div> <div> 2 INNER,DIAGONAL ELECTRON ORBITALS,</div> <div> 2 HORIZONTAL ELECTRON ORBITALS and</div> <div> 2 PAIRS OF 2 OUTER DIAGONAL</div> <div> ALDEHYDE & OCSIDE MAKING ELECTRON ORBITALS</div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="312" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 157 ><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="19f462470.gif" border=0 width="98" height="71" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> SODION OCSIDE</div> <div> 2.SDI+1.OCS</div> <div> ( Na<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#777777" FACE="Arial" >2</FONT>O )</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> THE OUTER DIAGONAL </div> <div> BONDING ELECTRON ORBITALS</div> <div> HELP OCSION ATOMS,</div> <div> TO HOLD ON TO ,</div> <div> TWO LARGE ATOMS, AS IN, </div> <div> THE FATTENING,SODION OCSIDE</div> <div> THAT IS FOUND IN POTATOS and, </div> <div> LARGE, TUBERS & GOURDS.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 143 WIDTH="102"><div> <IMG SRC="19f561330.gif" border=0 width="97" height="51" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> A WATER MOLECULE</div> <div> 1.OCS+2.HDR</div> <div> ( H<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#777777" FACE="Arial" >2</FONT>O )</div> <bR> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> THE DIAGONAL ELECTRON</div> <div> BONDING ORBITALS OF ATOMS</div> <div> OF OCSION, ALSO HELP IT  </div> <div> TO BOND TO 2 HYDRON ATOMS </div> <div> & MAKE THE WATER MOLECULES</div> <div> THAT HELP US TO LIVE.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <A HREF="electron_orbitals_m.htm" TITLE="ELECTRON ORBITALS"><U>BACK TO TOP</U></A></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#FFFFFF><NOBR><div> <I><IMG SRC="19e79c6a0.gif" border=0 width="156" height="106" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></I></div> <div> A OCSION ATOM </div> <div> HAS 8 ELECTRONS </div> <div> THAT MAKE SIX DIAGONAL</div> <div> ELECTRON ORBITALS AND,</div> <div> TWO HORIZONTAL ORBITALS</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> 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