GLYCOGEN

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" height=30 BGCOLOR="#006699" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#FFFBF0" FACE="Arial" ><B>CHEMISTRY SCHOOL</B></FONT><B> </B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FFFFCC" FACE="Arial" ><B>  </B></FONT><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CHEMISTRY SCHOOL"><U>HOME PAGE</U></A><B>  • </B> <A HREF="sugars_and_carbohydrates.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="WHAT ARE SUGARS and CARBOHYDRATES"><U>SUGARS & CARBOHYDRATES • INDEX</U></A>      <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FFFFCC" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B> GLYCOGEN <B> •  </B><I>GLAI - KO - JGEHN </I></FONT><I>    </I>USE F-11</div> <div> </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" height=450 BGCOLOR="#FFFFCC" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="763" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#993380" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="LEFT" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN=2 BGCOLOR=#FFCCB2 HEIGHT= 47 WIDTH="751"><div> <B>THE DISCOVERY OF GLYCOGEN</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN=2 BGCOLOR=#660033 HEIGHT= 500 WIDTH="751"><div> <TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="457" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#660033" BORDERCOLORDARK="#993380" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 263 ><NOBR><div>  <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#990000" FACE="Arial" >   <IMG SRC="ea4a4d50.gif" border=0 width="164" height="213" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></FONT></div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> THE NATURAL TETRA SACCHARIDE</div> <div> ISOMER OF GLYCOGEN </div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="ea3819d0.gif" border=0 width="129" height="157" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> ALPHA / D-GLUCOSE</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT= 75 ><NOBR><div> WE STORE GLYCOGEN IN OUR MUSCLES AND NERVE DENDRITES  </div> <div> AND CONVERT IT TO GLUCODEN THE ALPHA D-GLUCOSE ISOMER, </div> <div> WHEN WE NEED GLUCOSE, FOR OUR MUSCLES & NERVES AXON<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" >S </FONT></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <div>                                </div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="79" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#660033" BORDERCOLORDARK="#660033" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 14 ><NOBR><div>  <A HREF="#glycogen_research" TITLE="GLYCOGEN"><U>PAGE DOWN</U></A></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 BGCOLOR=#FFCCB2 HEIGHT= 46 WIDTH="751"><div> <B> <A NAME="glycogen_research"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></div> <div> <B>GLYCOGEN RESEARCH</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 500 ><NOBR><div> <TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="755" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#CC6633" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="LEFT" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 150 ><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="e9c66660.gif" border=0 width="102" height="102" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> A LEED STUDY OF </div> <div> GLYCOGEN FROM ABOVE</div> <div> 1978 MEXICO</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="e9b66660.gif" border=0 width="102" height="102" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> A CIRCLES STUDY OF </div> <div> GLYCOGEN FROM ABOVE</div> <div> 1997 ENGLAND</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="187"><div> <IMG SRC="e9967660.gif" border=0 width="103" height="102" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> A SCANNING TUNNELING </div> <div> MICROSCOPE IMAGE</div> <div> 1998 FINLAND</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> .<IMG SRC="e9a68670.gif" border=0 width="104" height="103" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> A COMPUTER SIMULATION OF </div> <div> GLYCOGEN FROM THE TOP</div> <div> 2001 USA</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 206 ><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="e98679f0.gif" border=0 width="103" height="159" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> A HEED STUDY  OF</div> <div>  GLYCOGEN FROM THE SIDE</div> <div> 1997 GERMANY</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="e97679f0.gif" border=0 width="103" height="159" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> A CIRCLES STUDY OF </div> <div> GLYCOGEN FROM THE SIDE</div> <div> 2000 USA</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="187"><div> <IMG SRC="e96689f0.gif" border=0 width="104" height="159" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> A SCANNING TUNNELING </div> <div> MICROSCOPE IMAGE  </div> <div> 2000 ENGLAND</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="e95669c0.gif" border=0 width="102" height="156" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> A COMPUTER SIMULATION OF </div> <div> GLYCOGEN FROM THE SIDE</div> <div> 2001 USA</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 112 ><NOBR><div>  BOTH UNESCO & CARE ASKED SALK,TO ANALYZE GLYCOGEN,</div> <div>  SO THAT THEY COULD DEVELOP, SOME FOOD RATIONS,</div> <div>  THAT WOULD BE EFFECTIVE,IN OVERCOMING THE RELIANCE</div> <div>  OF MOST MUSLIM AND NEGRO PEOPLE, UPON MORPHINE.</div> <div>  THEY WERE ADVISED, THAT ONE HALF ON THE INCOME, OF </div> <div>  THESE PEOPLE, NORMALLY WAS USED TO BUY MORPHINE. </div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN=2><NOBR><div>  THEY WERE TOLD, THAT WE ALL STORE GLYCOGEN,</div> <div>  IN OUR NERVE DENDRITES AND OR OUR LIVERS AND THAT,</div> <div>  WHEN A PERSON LACKED GLYCOGEN,IN THE ORIENT & ASIA </div> <div>  THEY NORMALLY RESORTED TO OPIUM OR MORPHINE.</div> <div>  SALK ENLISTED THE HELP OF RESEARCHERS FROM MANY</div> <div>  NATIONS,TO HELP WITH THE RESEARCH.   <A HREF="#__tetra_cyclic_glycogen____the_super" TITLE="GLYCOGEN"><U>  PAGE DOWN  </U></A> </div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 BGCOLOR=#FFCCB2 HEIGHT= 52 WIDTH="751"><div> <B> <A NAME="__tetra_cyclic_glycogen____the_super"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></div> <div> <B>• </B><B>T</B><B>ETRA-CYCLIC GLYCOGEN  • THE SUPER FOOD •</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 501 ><NOBR><div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="6" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="756" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 419 ><NOBR><div> DR.SALK,EXPLAINED, TO THE  SECRETARY GENERAL</div> <div> OF THE UNITED NATIONS, WHO HAD COME,TO VISIT HIM,</div> <div> " VERY LITTLE MEANINGFUL RESEARCH, </div> <div> HAS BEEN DONE, ON GLYCOGEN SINCE 1932,</div> <div> BECAUSE, IT WAS THE BELIEF OF MANY SCIENTISTS,</div> <div> THAT THE OTHER 24 TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES, </div> <div> ARE THE ESSENTIAL FOODS, THAT IT IS MADE FROM.</div> <div> U-THANT,THE SECRETARY GENERAL,</div> <div> THEN ASKED HIM, IS THAT, ALSO YOUR BELIEF?</div> <div> NO,HE REPLIED, </div> <div> I BELIEVE, THAT IT IS POSSIBLE ,TO EAT GLYCOGEN,</div> <div> BECAUSE THE AMERICAN INDIANS, ALWAYS HAVE,</div> <div> AND STILL MAKE,THEIR,</div> <div> DRIED SWEET NUT, CHEESE OR MEAT RATIONS,</div> <div> CALLED PEMMICANS, THAT ALL CONTAIN GLYCOGEN.</div> <div> WANDA, MY ASSOCIATE & I HAVE ANALYZED,</div> <div> ALL OF THEM AND SURPRISINGLY, WE FOUND THAT,</div> <div> NONE OF THOSE HARD TACK LIKE COMPRESSED FOODS, </div> <div> OF THE AMERICAM INDIANS,CONTAINED ANY GLUCOSE.</div> <div> THEY ONLY CONTAINED IODOSE,MANNOSE & GLYCOGEN..</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> WE ALSO ANALYZED,</div> <div> THE DRIED FRUIT, DAY RATIONS OF THE SIEKS,</div> <div> WHO LIVE IN THE PUNJAB REGION IN WESTERN INDIA,</div> <div> AND WE DID NOT FIND ANY GLUCOSE, IN THEM AT ALL,</div> <div> WE ONLY FOUND, ALTROSE, AMYLOPECTIN & GLYCOGEN </div> <div> THEN WE ANALYZED THE HARD TACKS OF THE GHIRKAS </div> <div> WHO ALSO LIVE IN THE MOUNTAINS OF INDIA</div> <div> AND WE FOUND, AMYLOSE.MALTOSE & GLYCOGEN, IN THEM</div> <div> A FEW MONTHS LATER,</div> <div> WE ANALYZED THE ROUGH PEMICANS OF THE NEPALESE,</div> <div> AND WE FOUND, IODOSE,MANNOSE,TALOSE & GLYCOGEN, </div> <div> THERE IS ALSO A DR.MANLY IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA,</div> <div> WHO MAKES A SOUR DOUGH LEAVEN,</div> <div> SPROUTED BARLEY-WHEAT BREAD, THAT IS 97% GLYCOGEN, </div> <div> THAT WE FOUND, WAS A TOTAL ENERGY PROVIDER, </div> <div> WHEN EATEN WITH EITHER BUTTER OR NUT BUTTERS. </div> <div> THEY ASKED, IF IT REALLY WAS AN ENERGY PROVIDER,</div> <div> OR ONLY A STIMULANT, SUCH AS CAFFEINE OR COCAINE ?</div> <div> WANDA REPLIED, </div> <div> THE TWO OF US WORK 20 HOURS A DAY,AND HAVE DONE SO,</div> <div> FOR 20 YEARS, ON THAT BREAD OR FRUITED PEMMICANS </div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <A HREF="#the_structure_of_natural_tetra_cyclic" TITLE="GLYCOGEN"><U>PAGE DOWN</U></A></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 BGCOLOR=#FFCCB2 HEIGHT= 52 ><NOBR><div>  <A NAME="the_structure_of_natural_tetra_cyclic"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <B>THE STRUCTURE OF NATURAL TETRA-CYCLIC~ </B><B>GLUCOSE & </B><B>GLYCOGEN </B></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 487 ><NOBR><div> <TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="755" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#CC6600" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 219 ><NOBR><div>       </div> <div>         </div> <div> <IMG SRC="e9f6f560.gif" border=0 width="111" height="86" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> VIEW FROM SIDE OF</div> <div> GLUCODEN.AD4</div> <div> A\D GLUCOSE</div> <div> <B>4( C</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>3</B></FONT><B> H</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>6</B></FONT><B> O</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>3 </B></FONT><B>)</B></div> <bR> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="ecf8fa90.gif" border=0 width="143" height="169" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> A CHEMICAL DRAWING OF</div> <div> TETRA CYCLIC GLUCOSE</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><bR> <div> <IMG SRC="ea09f640.gif" border=0 width="159" height="100" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> VIEW FROM THE SIDE OF</div> <div> GLYCODEN.AD4</div> <div> TETRA-CYCLIC GLYCOGEN</div> <div> <B>4( C</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>6</B></FONT><B> H</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>10</B></FONT><B> O</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>5</B></FONT><B> )</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="ea8cdae0.gif" border=0 width="205" height="174" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> A CHEMICAL DRAWING OF</div> <div> OF TETRA CYCLIC GLYCOGEN</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="4" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="752" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 135 ><NOBR><div>  BOTH GLUCOSE & GLYCOGEN WERE DISCOVERED TO BE</div> <div>  SIMILAR TETRAGONAL BOX LIKE  ALDEHYDIC MOLECULES</div> <div>  EACH GLUCOSE MOLECULE HAS IN THE CENTER</div> <div>  ONE ARENE-ALDEHYDE RING,.</div> <div>  MADE OF 4-CARBONYL CARBON ATOMS </div> <div>                    4-EPOCSI OCSION ATOMS</div> <div>  THAT IS CALLED A <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#990000" FACE="Arial" >TETRA-OCS-ALDEN</FONT> ALDEHYDE RING</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> EACH GLYCOGEN MOLECULE HAS TWO TETRA-OCSALDEN RINGS </div> <div> BONDED TOGETHER WITH 4 MORE EPOCSI OCSION ATOMS AS IN,</div> <div> THIS TETRA-CYCLIC, <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#990000" FACE="Arial" >METHYL ESTER, GLYCOLIC ANHYDRIDE  </FONT></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="126" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="LEFT" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 77 ><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="ea679480.gif" border=0 width="121" height="72" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <div> GLYCOLIC ANHYDRIDE IS FOUND NEAR TO</div> <div> GLYCOGEN IN HUMANS & IN PLANTS</div> <div> WHERE EVER GLYCOGEN IS USED.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> MANY OF THESE TETRAGONAL MOLECULES, MAKE UP, INTO LARGER, BOX-LIKE CUBES</div> <div> HOWEVER, WHEN THEY ARE SYNTHESIZED, THEY ARE NOT EDIBLE, BECAUSE,</div> <div> THEY ARE TOO STRONG, FOR HUMAN USE, IN THE CONCENTRATED CUBIC FORM.</div> <div> THAT IS WHY, BOTH GLUCOSE & GLYCOGEN, ARE ONLY SOLD IN 1% TO 3% SOLUTIONS,</div> <div> THAT ARE SAFE, FOR HUMAN BABYS' BODYS, OR FOR ADULT SPORTS PERSONS USE.        <A HREF="#the_chemical_formula_for_tetra_cyclic" TITLE="GLYCOGEN"><U>PAGE DOWN</U></A></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 BGCOLOR=#FFCCB2 HEIGHT= 53 WIDTH="751"><div> <B> <A NAME="the_chemical_formula_for_tetra_cyclic"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></div> <div> <B>THE CHEMICAL FORMULA FOR TETRA-CYCLIC GLYCOGEN</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN=2 BGCOLOR=#FFFF99 HEIGHT= 495 ><NOBR><div> <B> <TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="713" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#660033" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC HEIGHT= 117 ><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="ea09f640.gif" border=0 width="159" height="100" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <B>a</B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#990033" FACE="Arial" ><B>-TETRA CYCLIC GLYCOGEN  ~ GLYCODEN.AD4</B></FONT></div> <div> AN OCTA, ETHYL ESTER CARBOHYDRATE</div> <div> <B>4(C</B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Swiss 721 SWA" ><B>6</B></FONT><B>H</B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Swiss 721 SWA" ><B>10</B></FONT><B>O</B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Swiss 721 SWA" ><B>5</B></FONT><B>) = 24.CBN+20.OCS+40.HDR</B></div> <div> 4 RATIO FORMULA UNITS  =  THE COMPLETE CHEMICAL FORMULA FOR GLYCOGEN</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></B></div> <bR> <div> GLYCOGEN AND ALL COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES,</div> <div> ARE MULTI-ARENE RING MOLECULES, WITH ESTERS, </div> <div> THEY ARE MADE FROM, INTERBONDING, CARBONYL,</div> <div> ALDEHYDIC ARENE RINGS AND SHORT, ALKANE ESTERS, </div> <div> SUB-COMPONENT CHEMICALS AS SHOWN ABOVE LEFT.</div> <div> THEREFORE, </div> <div> THE STANDARD CHEMICAL RATIO FORMULAS,</div> <div>  ARE NOT USED TO CREATE THEM, </div> <div> INSTEAD, THE COMPLETE QUANTITY CHEMICAL FORMULAS, </div> <div> FOR EACH OF THEIR SUB-COMPONENT CHEMICALS, </div> <div> ARE USED,  AS SHOWN BELOW.</div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="#__the_formulas_for_the_components_used" TITLE="GLYCOGEN"><U>PAGE DOWN</U></A></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 BGCOLOR=#FFCCB2 HEIGHT= 51 ><NOBR><div>  <A NAME="__the_formulas_for_the_components_used"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <B>• THE FORMULAS FOR THE </B><B>COMPONENTS USED TO SYNTHESIZE</B><B> GLYCODEN.AD4  •</B></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 BGCOLOR=#FFFF99 HEIGHT= 503 ><NOBR><div> <TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="751" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#660033" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC HEIGHT= 37 ><NOBR><div> <B>TETRA-CYCLIC, </B></div> <div> <B>METHYL ESTER GLYCOLIC ANHYDRIDE</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC WIDTH="150"><div> <B>+</B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>  4 ETHANE  =</B></FONT></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC WIDTH="247"><div> <B>GLYCODEN.AD4</B></div> <div> <B>GLYCOGEN</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC HEIGHT= 114 WIDTH="304"><div> <IMG SRC="ea679480.gif" border=0 width="121" height="72" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B>16.CBN+20.OCS+24.HDR</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC><NOBR><div> <B><IMG SRC="ecd56570.gif" border=0 width="86" height="87" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B> 8.CBN+24.HDR</B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Zurich BT" ><B> </B></FONT></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="1b709f5c0.gif" border=0 width="159" height="92" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B>24.CBN+20.OCS+40.HDR</B></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="745" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 268 ><NOBR><div> OCS THE SYMBOL FOR OCSION  <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#888888" FACE="Arial" >(OXYGEN)</FONT></div> <div> IS PLACED, BEFORE HDR,</div> <div> WHICH IS THE SYMBOL FOR HYDRON<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#888888" FACE="Arial" > (HYDROGEN)</FONT></div> <div> IN COMPUTER FORMATTED,CHEMICAL FORMULAS </div> <div> BECAUSE THE OCSION ATOMS, </div> <div> ARE ALWAYS, BONDED, INTO CHEMICALS,</div> <div> BEFORE THE HYDRON ATOMS, ARE ADDED.</div> <div> THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT,BECAUSE THE STANDARD,</div> <div> CHO FORMAT, TENDS TO MAKE CHEMISTS,</div> <div> MAKE MORE HYDROCSYLS IN BIOCHEMICALS</div> <div> THAN ARE USED IN THE HUMAN BODY,</div> <div> WHICH USES 90% OF THE OCSION IONS,</div> <div> IN THROUGH BONDED, ALDEHYDE BONDS</div> <div> AND AS FLEXIBLE ESTER ANCHORS.</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> IF YOU USE DOS FILES </div> <div> TO ASSIST YOU WITH YOUR CHEMISTRY,</div> <div> THE LIST OF DIRECTORYS,THAT THIS ISOMER,</div> <div> OF GYCOGEN IS IN, IS AS FOLLOWS:</div> <div> C:/ BIOCHEM / SUGARS / TETRA<B>.</B>CYC / GLYCODEN.AD4</div> <div> IF YOU WANT TO USE WINDOWS, TO FILE,YOUR CHEMISTRY FILES,</div> <div> THE ALPHABETICAL,SEARCHING RELATED,CHEMICAL NAME IS:</div> <div> GLYCODEN.AD4  THE <U>AD4</U> INDICATES,</div> <div> THAT,THIS ISOMER OF GLYCOGEN,</div> <div> IS THE  <U>A</U>LPHA ISOMER,  ( <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#990033" FACE="Symbol Set SWA" >a </FONT>)</div> <div> THAT IT IS A <U>D</U>EXTROROTARY CHEMICAL</div> <div> AND THAT THIS ISOMER IS TETRA-CYCLIC AND THEREFORE, </div> <div> IT IS 4x LARGER,THAN ITS CHEMICAL RATIO FORMULA</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div>          <A HREF="#from_glycogen_to_glucose" TITLE="GLYCOGEN"><U>PAGE DOWN</U></A></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 BGCOLOR=#FFCCB2 HEIGHT= 52 WIDTH="751"><div> <B> <A NAME="from_glycogen_to_glucose"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></div> <div> <B>FROM GLYCOGEN TO GLUCOSE</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 BGCOLOR=#FFFF99 HEIGHT= 496 ><NOBR><bR> <div> <B> <TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="747" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#660033" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 417 ><NOBR><div> <B>IT IS SAID, THAT GYCOGEN....HYDROLYZES, INTO GLUCOSE.  </B></div> <div> <B>WHAT EXACTLY, DOES THAT MEAN ?       </B></div> <div> <B> IT MEANS</B></div> <div> <B> 1 GLYCOGEN MOLECULE + 4 WATER MOLECULES  =  2 GLUCOSE MOLECULES</B></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="9" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="609" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 178 WIDTH="116"><div> <B>  <IMG SRC="eaf62870.gif" border=0 width="98" height="135" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B>1 GLYCOGEN MOLECULE</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="14"><div> <B>+</B></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>+</B></div> <bR> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="98"><bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="eb364190.gif" border=0 width="100" height="25" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B>1 •</B><B> </B><B>2 • 3 • 4</B></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>4 WATER MOLECULES</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="20"><div> <B>=</B></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>=</B></div> <bR> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="107"><div>    <IMG SRC="eb04d5e0.gif" border=0 width="77" height="94" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B>1 GLUCOSE MOLECULE</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="16"><div> <B>+</B></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>+</B></div> <bR> </tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH="104"><div>    <IMG SRC="eb04d5e0.gif" border=0 width="77" height="94" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B>1 GLUCOSE MOLECULE</B></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <B>24.CBN+20.OCS+40.HDR + 4(OCS+2.HDR) = 2(12.CBN+12.OCS+24.HDR)</B></div> <div> <B>_________________________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B>AND WRITTEN WITH THE CHEMICAL RATIO FORMULAS IT IS</B></div> <div> <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>4( C</B></FONT><B>6</B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B> +H</B></FONT><B>10</B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B><B>+O</B></FONT><B>5 </B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>)  +  4( H</B></FONT><B>2</B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>O )   =  2( C</B></FONT><B>3 </B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>+H</B></FONT><B>6</B><B> </B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>+O</B></FONT><B>3</B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B> )</B></FONT><B>4</B><B> </B></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></B></div> <div>                           <A HREF="#tetra_cyclic_glycoden_the_isomer_of" TITLE="GLYCOGEN"><U> PAGE DOWN</U></A></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 BGCOLOR=#FFCCB2 HEIGHT= 52 ><NOBR><div> <B> <A NAME="tetra_cyclic_glycoden_the_isomer_of"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></div> <div> <B>TETRA-CYCLIC GLYCODEN, THE ISOMER OF GLYCOGEN THAT WE USE</B></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 BGCOLOR=#FFFF99 HEIGHT= 459 ><NOBR><div> <B> <TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="753" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#660033" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC > <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM HEIGHT= 240 ><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="eac709d0.gif" border=0 width="112" height="157" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> AN OVERALL VIEW </div> <div> OF A GLYCOGEN  MOLECULE</div> <div> SHOWING THE EIGHT ETHYL ESTERS </div> <div> & THE BI-OCSALDEN ALDEHYDE CORE</div> <bR> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="ead5b930.gif" border=0 width="91" height="147" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> A VIEW OF A GLYCOGEN MOLECULE</div> <div> FROM THE SIDE SHOWING </div> <div> FOUR ETHYL ESTERS AND</div> <div> THE BI-OCS-ALDEN CORE</div> <bR> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="eae615d0.gif" border=0 width="97" height="93" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> A VIEW OF A GLYCOGEN MOLECULE</div> <div> FROM ABOVE, SHOWING </div> <div> FOUR OF THE ETHYL ESTERS</div> <div> AND THE LOCATION OF </div> <div> THE FOUR OCSION ATOMS IN </div> <div> THE BI-OCSALDEN CORE BELOW</div> <bR> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></B></div> <bR> <div> WE STORE GLYCODEN - GLYCOGEN IN OUR MUSCLES, NERVES & LIVERS AND, </div> <div> WITH THE WATER IN OUR LYMPH FLUIDS, CONVERT IT TO GLUCOSE MOLECULES, </div> <div> WHEN WE NEED EXTRA GLUCOSE, FOR OUR MUSCLES, NERVES AND BRAIN.</div> <div> GLYCOGEN IS FOUND IN ALL STARCHY GRAINS, COCONUT MILK, </div> <div> FRIED BANANAS, FRIED RED PLANTAINS AND FRIED CHAPATIS.</div> <div> MANY RACES, ARE ABLE TO CONVERT, OTHER COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES</div> <div> INTO TETRA CYCLIC GLYCODEN.AO4, GLYCOGEN, IF THEY CHEW IT,VERY SLOWLY</div> <div> AND ALLOW,THEIR DIGESTIVE SALIVAS,TO DISSOLVE THEIR GLYCOLIC ANHYDRIDE</div> <div> MOLECULES AND REMAKE THEM INTO GLYCODEN,GLYCOGEN MOLECULES.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 BGCOLOR=#FFCCB2 HEIGHT= 54 WIDTH="751"><div> <A HREF="glycogen_m.htm" TITLE="GLYCOGEN"><U>BACK TO THE TOP</U></A>     <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>       </B></FONT></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>