WHAT ARE ALKANES ?

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" height=30 BGCOLOR="#006699" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#FFFBF0" FACE="Arial" ><B>CHEMISTRY SCHOOL</B></FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FFFBF0" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FFFFCC" FACE="Arial" ><B>  </B></FONT><B> </B><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CHEMISTRY SCHOOL"><U>HOME PAGE - INDEX TO LESSONS</U></A> <B>  |   </B><A HREF="how_carbon_bonds.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="HOW CARBON BONDS"><U>HOW CARBON BONDS</U></A> <B> | </B> ALKANES  <B>|  </B><A HREF="what_are_alkenes.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="WHAT ARE ALKENES ?"><U> ALKENES </U></A>  |   <A HREF="what_are_alkynes.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="WHAR ARE ALKYNES ?"><U>ALKYNES</U></A> <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FFFF99" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT>  <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FFFFCC" FACE="Arial" >                <B>                                          </B>                                      </FONT></div> <div> </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" height=424 BGCOLOR="#FFFFCC" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="747" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#993380" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN=3 BGCOLOR=#FFCCB2 HEIGHT= 31 WIDTH="701"><div> <B>WHAT ARE ALKANES ?</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT= 192 WIDTH="701"><bR> <div> ALKANES ARE MOLECULES MADE OF CARBON & <A HREF="simplified_atomic_names.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="NEW SIMPLIFIED NAMES"><U>HYDRON</U></A><A HREF="simplified_atomic_names.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="NEW SIMPLIFIED NAMES"><U> </U></A>ATOMS </div> <div> THAT ALL HAVE THE GENERAL FORMULA,</div> <div>    <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Zurich BT" ><B>( N )CBN+ ( 2N+2 )HDR</B></FONT></div> <div> WHEREIN:  N = THE NUMBER OF CARBON ATOMS</div> <div> METHANE IS THE SMALLEST ALKANE,  ITS FORMULA IS </div> <div> <B>1.CBN + 4.HDR</B></div> <div>    N = 1  &  2N+2 = 4</div> <div>  <A NAME="_alkane_gases"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN=3 BGCOLOR=#FFCCB2 HEIGHT= 31 WIDTH="701"><div> <B>THE ALKANE GASES </B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 15 ><NOBR><div> TETRA-HEDRON MODEL</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="201"><div> MOLECULAR FORM</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="313"><div> DESCRIPTION</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 160 WIDTH="183"><div> <IMG SRC="bd84f470.gif" border=0 width="79" height="71" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="201"><div> <IMG SRC="bda4e5c0.gif" border=0 width="78" height="92" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> WHEN ONE ATOM OF CARBON COMBINES </div> <div> WITH 4 ATOMS OF THE GAS HYDRON THEY MAKE</div> <div> A MOLECULE OF THE GAS  METHANE</div> <div> METHANE IS ALSO CALLED SWAMP GAS,  </div> <div> BECAUSE  IT IS CREATED </div> <div> BY THE DECOMPOSTION OF GRASSES & PLANTS.</div> <div> <B>METHANE:</B></div> <div> <B>1.CBN+4.HDR=CH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>4</B></FONT></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 214 WIDTH="183"><div> <IMG SRC="bdc7a500.gif" border=0 width="122" height="80" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="201"><div> <IMG SRC="bde835f0.gif" border=0 width="131" height="95" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><bR> <div> ETHANE IS A NATURAL GAS </div> <div> USED BY PLANTS IN THEIR LEAVES</div> <div>  IT HAS 2 CARBON ATOMS & 6 HYDRON ATOMS</div> <div> <B>ETHANE :</B></div> <div> <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>2.CBN+6.HDR = H</B></FONT><B>3</B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>C+CH</B></FONT><B>3</B> </div> <div> THE METHYLS: H3C & CH3</div> <div> ARE ALSO WRITTEN:  </div> <div>  HCH2 & H2CH</div> <div> IN STRUCTURAL FORMULAS</div> <div>  <A NAME="propane"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 147 ><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="be28d690.gif" border=0 width="141" height="105" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="be09b750.gif" border=0 width="155" height="117" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><bR> <div> PROPANE IS A NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC GAS</div> <div>  USED AS A COOKING GAS  & HEATING FUEL </div> <div> IT HAS 3 CARBON ATOMS & 8 HYDRON ATOMS</div> <div> <B>PROPANE: </B></div> <div> <B> </B><B>3.CBN+8.HDR = H</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>3</B></FONT><B>C+CH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>2</B></FONT><B>+CH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>3</B></FONT></div> <bR> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 171 ><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="be4b1700.gif" border=0 width="177" height="112" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="be6c3710.gif" border=0 width="195" height="113" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> BUTANE IS A NATURAL GAS OR</div> <div> A SYNTHETIC GAS MADE FROM PETROLEUM</div> <div> IT IS USED AS A FUEL IN BUSES & AIRPLANES,</div> <div> BUTANE IS NOT A GOOD COOKING GAS</div> <div> BECAUSE IT CAUSES CYSTS IN WOMEN</div> <div> IT HAS 4 CARBON ATOMS & 10 HYDRON ATOMS</div> <div> <B>BUTANE:</B></div> <div> <B>4.CBN+10.HDR </B><B>= </B><B> H</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>3</B></FONT><B>C+CH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>2</B></FONT><B>+CH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>2</B></FONT><B>+CH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>3</B></FONT></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 146 ><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="be8af8d0.gif" border=0 width="175" height="141" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="beacb8b0.gif" border=0 width="203" height="139" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> PENTANE IS A SYNTHETIC GAS</div> <div> MADE FROM NATURAL PETROLEUM OILS</div> <div> IT IS USED IN MANY BUSES </div> <div> IT HAS 5 CARBON ATOMS & 12 HYDRON ATOMS</div> <div> <B>PENTANE = 5.CBN+12.HDR</B></div> <div> <B>=</B></div> <div> <B> H</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>3</B></FONT><B>C+CH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>2</B></FONT><B>+CH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>2</B></FONT><B>+CH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>2</B></FONT><B>+CH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>3</B></FONT></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 179 ><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="beca4aa0.gif" border=0 width="164" height="170" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="bee99990.gif" border=0 width="153" height="153" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> TETRA METHYL METHANE GAS</div> <div> IS A NATURAL ALKANE MADE BY PINE TREES</div> <div> IT IS USED,IN THEIR BARK & PINE CONES</div> <div> AS A NATURAL ANTI-RODENT PESTICIDE</div> <div> IT IS ALSO A PENTANE ALKANE ISOMER</div> <div> THAT IS USED,IN MANY MAN MADE SPRAYS</div> <div> USED TO DESTROY RATS & FLEAS</div> <div> <B>TETRA  METHYL METHANE:</B></div> <div> <B> 5.CBN+12.HDR</B></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <div> <TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="734" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#660033" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=3 BGCOLOR=#FFCCB2 HEIGHT= 48 WIDTH="700"><div> A       <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > <A NAME="____autofuel"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></FONT>    A</div> <div> <B>AUTOMOBILE FUELS</B></div> <div> AA</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER HEIGHT= 15 ><NOBR><div> TETRA-HEDRON MODELS</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="207"><div> MOLECULE</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="305"><div> DESCRIPTION</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC HEIGHT= 157 ><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="bfcb8810.gif" border=0 width="184" height="129" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="bfeb88b0.gif" border=0 width="184" height="139" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> PETROLEUM CHEMISTS CALL THIS MOLECULE</div> <div> BORE 7 HEPTANE & OR NATURAL HEPTANE</div> <div>    IT IS TYPE OF GASOLINE USED IN THE MOTORS</div> <div>     OF VEHICLES WITH LARGE CYLINDER HEADS</div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B>HEPTANE = 7.CBN+16.HDR </B></div> <div> <B>=</B></div> <div> <B>H</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>3</B></FONT><B>C+CH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>2</B></FONT><B>+CH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>2</B></FONT><B>+CH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>2</B></FONT><B>+CH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>2</B></FONT><B>+CH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>2</B></FONT><B>+CH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>3</B></FONT></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC HEIGHT= 202 ><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="c00b1810.gif" border=0 width="177" height="129" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="c02ad680.gif" border=0 width="173" height="104" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B>CH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>3</B></FONT></div> <div> <B>+</B></div> <div> <B>H</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>3</B></FONT><B>C + H</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>2</B></FONT><B>C + C + CH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>2</B></FONT><B> + CH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>3</B></FONT></div> <div> <B>+</B></div> <div> <B>CH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>3</B></FONT></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div>   PETROLEUM CHEMISTS CALL THIS MOLECULE</div> <div>  BOTH, BORE HEPTANE & ISOHEPTANE</div> <div> BECAUSE THE TWO CENTRAL METHYLS </div> <div> ARE SPACED EQUALLY FROM BOTH ENDS.</div> <div> IT IS USED BY MORE MOTORISTS THAN </div> <div> ANY OTHER FORM OF AUTOMOTIVE FUEL</div> <div> IUPAC CALLS THIS MOLECULE</div> <div> 3,3 DIMETHYL PENTANE BECAUSE THE </div> <div>  2 METHYLS ARE ON THE 3rd CARBON.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC HEIGHT= 240 ><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="c04b1960.gif" border=0 width="177" height="150" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> THE FASTEST POLICE CARS</div> <div> USE THIS LONG BORE</div> <div> SPECIAL GASOLINE</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="c06af820.gif" border=0 width="175" height="130" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B> CH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>3 </B></FONT><B>             CH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>3</B></FONT></div> <div> <B>+                  +</B></div> <div> <B>H</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>3</B></FONT><B>C + C + CH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>2 </B></FONT><B>+ C + CH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>3</B></FONT></div> <div> <B>+                  +</B></div> <div> <B>CH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>3  </B></FONT><B>            CH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" ><B>3</B></FONT></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div>   PETROLEUM CHEMISTS CALL THIS MOLECULE</div> <div> 4-5 ISO-NONANE</div> <div> IT IS USED IN TAXIS & LARGE VANS FLEET FUELS,</div> <div>    FOR MOTORS WITH LONG CYLINDER HEADS.</div> <div> IT REQUIRES, PERFECT TIMING </div> <div> AND CLEAN AIR FILTERS.</div> <div>  IT IS ALSO USED IN, SMALL SHIP MOTORS,</div> <div>    LARGE OUTBOARD MOTORS, FARM TRACTORS</div> <div>        HELICOPTERS & POLICE MOTOR CYCLES.</div> <div> [ IUPAC CALLS IT: 2.2,4.2 TETRA METHYL PENTANE ]</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC HEIGHT= 202 ><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="c08ae960.gif" border=0 width="174" height="150" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="c0ab48f0.gif" border=0 width="180" height="143" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B>ISO-UNDECANE</B></div> <div> <B> 11.CBN: + 24.HDR</B>:</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div>  PETROLEUM CHEMISTS CALL THIS FUEL</div> <div> HIGH BORE UNDECANE & ISO-UNDECANE</div> <div> IT IS THE SEMI-DIESEL GASOLINE USED </div> <div> BY ALL JAPANESE TRUCKS, FRENCH TRAINS.</div> <div> & IN ITALIAN MID-SIZE AUTOS </div> <div> <B>CH3  CH3  CH3</B></div> <div> <B>+     +     +</B></div> <div> <B>  H3C + C + C + C + CH3</B></div> <div> <B>+     +     +</B></div> <div> <B> CH3  CH3  CH3</B></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <div> <TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="737" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#660033" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 BGCOLOR=#FFCCB2 HEIGHT= 50 WIDTH="713"><div> <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT><B>W</B><B> <A NAME="waxes_parafins"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></div> <div> <B>WAXES - PARAFFINS</B></div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC HEIGHT= 200 WIDTH="403"><div> <IMG SRC="bf4e3c30.gif" border=0 width="227" height="195" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div>  DODECANEL IS THE WAX ON CUCUMBERS,</div> <div>  CORN COB SEEDS & SPAGHETTI SQUASH.</div> <div>  ITS DISCOVERY, BY MARTIN & WIESE LED TO</div> <div>  THE CREATION OF MANY SEALING WAXES, </div> <div>  USED ON GLASS JARS & PAPER CUPS.</div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B>DODECANEL = 12.CBN + 26.HDR</B></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC HEIGHT= 272 WIDTH="403"><div> <IMG SRC="bf6e4dd0.gif" border=0 width="228" height="221" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div>   HEXA-DECANEL IS HARDENED BEES WAX</div> <div>   THE DISCOVERY OF THE EXACT FORMULA</div> <div>   FOR BEES WAX,LED TO THE CREATION OF</div> <div>   ALL THE AUTOMOBILE WAXES, MOTOR OILS, </div> <div>   AND HEAVY WAX BASE GREASES, USED IN</div> <div>   THE AUTOMOTIVE & TRUCKING INDUSTRY. </div> <div> <B>HEXA-DECANEL = 16.CBN + 34.HDR </B></div> <div>   SOON AFTER, WAXES BEGAN TO CALLED,</div> <div>   PARAFFINS BECAUSE THEIR MOLECULES</div> <div>   ALL HAVE PAIRED, BRANCHING SIDE FINS</div> <div>   AS YOU CAN SEE BELOW,ON THE LARGEST </div> <div>   OF THE PARAFFINS FOUND IN PETROLEUM</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC HEIGHT= 377 ><NOBR><bR> <div> <IMG SRC="bf8651e0.gif" border=0 width="613" height="286" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> THIS IS THE 42 CARBON, DO-TETRA-CONTANE JAR SEALING WAX,</div> <div> TAKEN FROM PETROLEUM OIL FROM INDIA, CALLED SEALANE 42</div> <div> <B>SEALANE 42  = 42.CBN + 86.HDR</B></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN=2 BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC HEIGHT= 243 WIDTH="713"><bR> <div> <IMG SRC="bfaa28e0.gif" border=0 width="418" height="142" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> THIS IS THE NATURAL CARNUBA WAX THAT IS USED IN AUTO WAXES </div> <div> IT IS A 18 CARBON NATURAL ALKANE PARAFFIN </div> <div> <B>CARNUBANE = 18.CBN + 38.HDR</B></div> <bR> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="713"><div>  <A NAME="oils_2"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN=2 BGCOLOR=#FFCCB2 HEIGHT= 42 WIDTH="713"><div> <B>IMPORTANT MOTOR OILS & LUBRICANTS </B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC HEIGHT= 160 WIDTH="403"><div> <IMG SRC="bf0f49b0.gif" border=0 width="244" height="155" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div>      <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660033" FACE="Arial" >DECANEL IS A 10 CARBON AUTOMOBILE OIL</FONT></div> <div>      NORMALLY CALLED<B> 10-40-10</B>. IT IS MADE FROM</div> <div>      THE LIGHT SWEET CRUDE OIL OF DENMARK</div> <div>      & LOUISIANNA PETROLEUM DISTILLATES.</div> <div> <B>DECANEL  = 10.CBN + 22.HDR</B></div> <div> DECANEL IS THE MOTOR OIL,THAT HAS THE</div> <div> LONGEST, LONGEVITY OF ALL MOTOR OILS</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER BGCOLOR=#FFFFCC HEIGHT= 273 WIDTH="403"><div> <IMG SRC="bf2e60c0.gif" border=0 width="230" height="268" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=CENTER><NOBR><div> OCTA DECANEL IS A DIESEL OIL OF NORWAY</div> <div> IT IS USED BY BUSES, RAILROAD TRAINS</div> <div> & SMALL POWER COMPANYS, IN EUROPE,</div> <div> CEYLON-LANKA AND LATIN AMERICA</div> <div> <B>IT MUST BE PREHEATED TO 248°C</B></div> <div> BEFORE BEING USED OR IT CREATES </div> <div> A THICK BLACK, SMOG MAKING EXHAUST,</div> <div> THAT NORMALLY LEADS TO THE DEATH  </div> <div> OF MOST RAILROAD ENGINEERS AND</div> <div> BRIDGE  WORKERS FROM EMPHYSEMA</div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B>ISO-OCTADECANE</B></div> <div> <B>OCTA DECANEL = 18.CBN + 38.HDR</B></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN=2 BGCOLOR=#FFCCB2 HEIGHT= 32 WIDTH="713"><div> <B>LESSON REVIEW</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 279 ><NOBR><div>     •  NATURAL PETROLEUM,  WHEN IT IS BROUGHT FROM THE EARTH,</div> <div>        CAN CONTAIN FROM 24 TO OVER 100 DIFFERENT SIZED ALKANES.</div> <div>     •  COOKING GASES, AUTO FUELS, OILS, LUBRICANTS, WAXES & PARAFFINS</div> <div>        ARE COMMONLY USED ALKANES,THAT ARE FOUND,IN PETROLEUM.</div> <div>     •  THE ONES SHOWN ABOVE,ACCOUNT FOR 96% OF ALL PETROLEUM</div> <div>        SOURCED, HYDRO-CARBON, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS NOW MADE.</div> <bR> <div>     •  THE ALKANES ARE ALL CALLED, SATURATED HYDROCARBONS</div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B>  ALKANES ALL HAVE THE GENERAL FORMULA</B></div> <div> <B>     ( N )CBN + ( 2N+2 )HDR</B></div> <div>   •  ALKANES ARE NOT THE ONLY TYPES OF HYDRO-CARBON MOLECULES</div> <div>   <A HREF="what_are_alkenes.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="WHAT ARE ALKENES ?"><U>ALKENES</U></A>  & <A HREF="what_are_alkynes.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="WHAR ARE ALKYNES ?"><U>ALKYNES</U></A> ARE OTHER TYPES OF HYDRO-CARBONS MOLECULES</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <A HREF="what_are_alkanes_m.htm" TITLE="WHAT ARE ALKANES ?"><U>Back to Top</U></A></div> <bR> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" height=26 BGCOLOR="#006699" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <A HREF="what_are_alkanes_m.htm#_alkane_gases" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="WHAT ARE ALKANES ?"><U>ALKANE GASES</U></A>    |   <A HREF="what_are_alkanes_m.htm#____autofuel" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="WHAT ARE ALKANES ?"><U>ALKANE AUTOMOBILE FUELS</U></A>   |    <A HREF="what_are_alkanes_m.htm#waxes_parafins" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="WHAT ARE ALKANES ?"><U>ALKANE WAXES & PARAFFINS </U></A>   |   <A HREF="what_are_alkanes_m.htm#oils_2" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="WHAT ARE ALKANES ?"><U> ALKANE MOTOR OILS  &  LUBRICANTS </U></A></div> </td> </tr></table></body>