WHAT ARE ALKANES ?

ALKANES ARE MOLECULES MADE OF CARBON & HYDRON ATOMS
THAT ALL HAVE THE GENERAL FORMULA,
   ( N )CBN+ ( 2N+2 )HDR
WHEREIN:  N = THE NUMBER OF CARBON ATOMS
METHANE IS THE SMALLEST ALKANE,  ITS FORMULA IS
1.CBN + 4.HDR
   N = 1  &  2N+2 = 4
 
THE ALKANE GASES
TETRA-HEDRON MODEL
MOLECULAR FORM
DESCRIPTION
WHEN ONE ATOM OF CARBON COMBINES
WITH 4 ATOMS OF THE GAS HYDRON THEY MAKE
A MOLECULE OF THE GAS  METHANE
METHANE IS ALSO CALLED SWAMP GAS,  
BECAUSE  IT IS CREATED
BY THE DECOMPOSTION OF GRASSES & PLANTS.
METHANE:
1.CBN+4.HDR=CH4

ETHANE IS A NATURAL GAS
USED BY PLANTS IN THEIR LEAVES
 IT HAS 2 CARBON ATOMS & 6 HYDRON ATOMS
ETHANE :
2.CBN+6.HDR = H3C+CH3
THE METHYLS: H3C & CH3
ARE ALSO WRITTEN:  
 HCH2 & H2CH
IN STRUCTURAL FORMULAS
 

PROPANE IS A NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC GAS
 USED AS A COOKING GAS  & HEATING FUEL
IT HAS 3 CARBON ATOMS & 8 HYDRON ATOMS
PROPANE:
 3.CBN+8.HDR = H3C+CH2+CH3
BUTANE IS A NATURAL GAS OR
A SYNTHETIC GAS MADE FROM PETROLEUM
IT IS USED AS A FUEL IN BUSES & AIRPLANES,
BUTANE IS NOT A GOOD COOKING GAS
BECAUSE IT CAUSES CYSTS IN WOMEN
IT HAS 4 CARBON ATOMS & 10 HYDRON ATOMS
BUTANE:
4.CBN+10.HDR = H3C+CH2+CH2+CH3
PENTANE IS A SYNTHETIC GAS
MADE FROM NATURAL PETROLEUM OILS
IT IS USED IN MANY BUSES
IT HAS 5 CARBON ATOMS & 12 HYDRON ATOMS
PENTANE = 5.CBN+12.HDR
=
 H3C+CH2+CH2+CH2+CH3
TETRA METHYL METHANE GAS
IS A NATURAL ALKANE MADE BY PINE TREES
IT IS USED,IN THEIR BARK & PINE CONES
AS A NATURAL ANTI-RODENT PESTICIDE
IT IS ALSO A PENTANE ALKANE ISOMER
THAT IS USED,IN MANY MAN MADE SPRAYS
USED TO DESTROY RATS & FLEAS
TETRA  METHYL METHANE:
 5.CBN+12.HDR

A            A
AUTOMOBILE FUELS
AA
TETRA-HEDRON MODELS
MOLECULE
DESCRIPTION
PETROLEUM CHEMISTS CALL THIS MOLECULE
BORE 7 HEPTANE & OR NATURAL HEPTANE
   IT IS TYPE OF GASOLINE USED IN THE MOTORS
    OF VEHICLES WITH LARGE CYLINDER HEADS
HEPTANE = 7.CBN+16.HDR
=
H3C+CH2+CH2+CH2+CH2+CH2+CH3
CH3
+
H3C + H2C + C + CH2 + CH3
+
CH3
  PETROLEUM CHEMISTS CALL THIS MOLECULE
 BOTH, BORE HEPTANE & ISOHEPTANE
BECAUSE THE TWO CENTRAL METHYLS
ARE SPACED EQUALLY FROM BOTH ENDS.
IT IS USED BY MORE MOTORISTS THAN
ANY OTHER FORM OF AUTOMOTIVE FUEL
IUPAC CALLS THIS MOLECULE
3,3 DIMETHYL PENTANE BECAUSE THE
 2 METHYLS ARE ON THE 3rd CARBON.
THE FASTEST POLICE CARS
USE THIS LONG BORE
SPECIAL GASOLINE
 CH3             CH3
+                  +
H3C + C + CH2 + C + CH3
+                  +
CH3              CH3
  PETROLEUM CHEMISTS CALL THIS MOLECULE
4-5 ISO-NONANE
IT IS USED IN TAXIS & LARGE VANS FLEET FUELS,
   FOR MOTORS WITH LONG CYLINDER HEADS.
IT REQUIRES, PERFECT TIMING
AND CLEAN AIR FILTERS.
 IT IS ALSO USED IN, SMALL SHIP MOTORS,
   LARGE OUTBOARD MOTORS, FARM TRACTORS
       HELICOPTERS & POLICE MOTOR CYCLES.
[ IUPAC CALLS IT: 2.2,4.2 TETRA METHYL PENTANE ]
ISO-UNDECANE
 11.CBN: + 24.HDR:
 PETROLEUM CHEMISTS CALL THIS FUEL
HIGH BORE UNDECANE & ISO-UNDECANE
IT IS THE SEMI-DIESEL GASOLINE USED
BY ALL JAPANESE TRUCKS, FRENCH TRAINS.
& IN ITALIAN MID-SIZE AUTOS
CH3  CH3  CH3
+     +     +
  H3C + C + C + C + CH3
+     +     +
 CH3  CH3  CH3

 W 
WAXES - PARAFFINS
 DODECANEL IS THE WAX ON CUCUMBERS,
 CORN COB SEEDS & SPAGHETTI SQUASH.
 ITS DISCOVERY, BY MARTIN & WIESE LED TO
 THE CREATION OF MANY SEALING WAXES,
 USED ON GLASS JARS & PAPER CUPS.
DODECANEL = 12.CBN + 26.HDR
  HEXA-DECANEL IS HARDENED BEES WAX
  THE DISCOVERY OF THE EXACT FORMULA
  FOR BEES WAX,LED TO THE CREATION OF
  ALL THE AUTOMOBILE WAXES, MOTOR OILS,
  AND HEAVY WAX BASE GREASES, USED IN
  THE AUTOMOTIVE & TRUCKING INDUSTRY.
HEXA-DECANEL = 16.CBN + 34.HDR
  SOON AFTER, WAXES BEGAN TO CALLED,
  PARAFFINS BECAUSE THEIR MOLECULES
  ALL HAVE PAIRED, BRANCHING SIDE FINS
  AS YOU CAN SEE BELOW,ON THE LARGEST
  OF THE PARAFFINS FOUND IN PETROLEUM

THIS IS THE 42 CARBON, DO-TETRA-CONTANE JAR SEALING WAX,
TAKEN FROM PETROLEUM OIL FROM INDIA, CALLED SEALANE 42
SEALANE 42  = 42.CBN + 86.HDR

THIS IS THE NATURAL CARNUBA WAX THAT IS USED IN AUTO WAXES
IT IS A 18 CARBON NATURAL ALKANE PARAFFIN
CARNUBANE = 18.CBN + 38.HDR
 
IMPORTANT MOTOR OILS & LUBRICANTS
     DECANEL IS A 10 CARBON AUTOMOBILE OIL
     NORMALLY CALLED 10-40-10. IT IS MADE FROM
     THE LIGHT SWEET CRUDE OIL OF DENMARK
     & LOUISIANNA PETROLEUM DISTILLATES.
DECANEL  = 10.CBN + 22.HDR
DECANEL IS THE MOTOR OIL,THAT HAS THE
LONGEST, LONGEVITY OF ALL MOTOR OILS
OCTA DECANEL IS A DIESEL OIL OF NORWAY
IT IS USED BY BUSES, RAILROAD TRAINS
& SMALL POWER COMPANYS, IN EUROPE,
CEYLON-LANKA AND LATIN AMERICA
IT MUST BE PREHEATED TO 248°C
BEFORE BEING USED OR IT CREATES
A THICK BLACK, SMOG MAKING EXHAUST,
THAT NORMALLY LEADS TO THE DEATH  
OF MOST RAILROAD ENGINEERS AND
BRIDGE  WORKERS FROM EMPHYSEMA
ISO-OCTADECANE
OCTA DECANEL = 18.CBN + 38.HDR
LESSON REVIEW
    •  NATURAL PETROLEUM,  WHEN IT IS BROUGHT FROM THE EARTH,
       CAN CONTAIN FROM 24 TO OVER 100 DIFFERENT SIZED ALKANES.
    •  COOKING GASES, AUTO FUELS, OILS, LUBRICANTS, WAXES & PARAFFINS
       ARE COMMONLY USED ALKANES,THAT ARE FOUND,IN PETROLEUM.
    •  THE ONES SHOWN ABOVE,ACCOUNT FOR 96% OF ALL PETROLEUM
       SOURCED, HYDRO-CARBON, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS NOW MADE.

    •  THE ALKANES ARE ALL CALLED, SATURATED HYDROCARBONS
  ALKANES ALL HAVE THE GENERAL FORMULA
     ( N )CBN + ( 2N+2 )HDR
  •  ALKANES ARE NOT THE ONLY TYPES OF HYDRO-CARBON MOLECULES
  ALKENES  & ALKYNES ARE OTHER TYPES OF HYDRO-CARBONS MOLECULES
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