WHAT ARE ALKENES ?
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A COLLEGE CHEMISTRY LESSON
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SOAP, CLEANSER, FIBRE, FOOD,
& LEATHER PROCESSING AIDS
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RESEARCH
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A HIGH ENERGY ELECTRON DIFFRACTION
( H.E.E.D. ) STUDY OF ETHYLENE
![]() ![]() THE SAME STUDY OF ETHYLENE
WITH THE OUTER DIAMETERS OF
THE CARBON and HYDRON ATOMS
DRAWN AROUND THE ELECTRON HITS
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ALKENES HAVE THE GENERAL FORMULA
( N )CBN + ( 2N )HDR
THE SMALLEST OF THE ALKENES,
IS CALLED ETHENE and ETHYLENE,
IT HAS THE CHEMICAL RATIO FORMULA: H2C=CH2
IT IS REFERRED TO, AS THE MOTHER OF THE ALKENES,
BECAUSE, AT SPECIFIC TEMPERATURES, IT BONDS EASILY,
TO METHYL, ETHYL and PROPYL HYDROCARBON GROUPS,
TO MAKE MORE THAN,
MANY GASES and HYDROLYZING AGENTS.
SCIENTISTS WERE SURPRISED AT HARVARD UNIV.,
WHEN 80 ELECTRON STUDYS OF ETHYLENE,SHOWED
9 ELECTRON HITS, UPON THE NUCLEI OF THE ATOMS,
IN THE CRYSTALS OF ETHYLENE, THEY STUDIED,
INSTEAD OF 6 ELECTRON HITS,
AS THE CHEMICAL FORMULA H2C=CH2
SUGGESTS,THERE SHOULD BE
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![]() THE SIDE STUDY OF ETHYLENE
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THIS ETHYLENE STUDY WITH THE DIAMETERS DRAWN OVER IT,
SHOWS THE SIZE, OF EACH OF THE TYPES, OF ATOMS,
IN A FROZEN,HYDRO-CARBON MOLECULE OF ETHYLENE.
IT SUGGESTS THERE WERE MORE,
THAN 2 CARBON ATOMS, IN AN ETHYLENE MOLECULE.
BECAUSE THE STUDY WAS SO PERSUASIVE,
SEVERAL GAS COMPANYS, THEN ALSO DECIDED, TO STUDY,
THE SAME FROZEN HYDROCARBON CRYSTALS, FROM THE TOP.
INSTEAD OF, JUST FROM THE SIDE,
AS THEY HAD BEEN, STUDYING THEM, UP TO THAT TIME.
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![]() THE SAME MOLECULAR CRYSTAL
AS SEEN FROM THE TOP
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![]() THE SAME CRYSTAL
AS SEEN FROM AN ANGLE BY A
SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE
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THIS IS A STUDY, MADE 22 MONTHS LATER, IN BELGIUM WITH
THE WORLDS LARGEST, SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE.
IT REVEALS, THE TRUTH ABOUT, THIS MISS NAMED MOLECULE.
QUITE OBVIOUSLY, ETHYLENE IS BUTYLENE ( BUTYL = FOUR )
HOW DID IUPAC HANDLE THIS DILEMMA ? NOW WHEN YOU GO,
TO LOOK UP BUTYLENE, IN THE DICTIONARY YOU READ:
BUYTLENE: C4H8, ONE OF THE ISOMERIC HYDROCARBONS,
OF THE ETHYLENE SERIES, OBTAINED BY CRACKING PETROLEUM.
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A COMPUTER SIMULATION OF
THE ETHYLENE ISOMER
" BUTYLENE "
![]() CH2
/ \
H2C CH2
\ /
CH2
4.CBN + 8.HDR
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WHICH IS WHY, ETHYLENE IS CALLED, THE MOTHER OF ALL ALKENES.
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RESEARCH
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![]() 1979 LEED STUDY OF PROPENE
![]() THIS MOLECULAR STUDY OF PROPYLENE
BY THE CHEM-DATA TEAM, SUGGESTS IT IS
HEXENE~ 2 METHYL BUTYLENE
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CH2=CH+CH3 IS THE RATIO FORMULA FOR PROPENE and PROPYLENE
THE SYMBOL = IN THE FORMULA, IS SAID TO INDICATE,
THAT THE CH HYDROLENE CARBON ATOM,
BONDS TWICE, TO THE CH2 CARBON ATOM, BEFORE IT.
WHEN CHEMISTS, IN GERMANY, DOUBTED THAT PROPYLENE,
HAD ONLY 3 CARBON ATOMS, THEY COMMISIONED JEAN PROUVE,
TO STUDY THE GAS, AT THE NEW MOLECULAR STUDY CENTER IN PARIS.
THE LOW ENERGY ELECTRON DIFFRACTION STUDY, MADE AT
THE SORBONNE IN PARIS and THE MOLECULAR STUDY BELOW IT,
INDICATED, THAT PROPYLENE, HAD,
A FOUR CARBON, BUTYLENE CORE,
WITH A METHYL CARBON, AT EACH END,
BONDED TO CH HYDROLENE CARBONS.
THEREFORE, THE IUPAC BOARD, COMMISIONED THEIR BELGIUM TEAM,
TO STUDY THE HEXENE 2.PROPYLENE IN MORE DETAIL.
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![]() SCANNING MICROSCOPE STUDY OF
HEXENE ~ 2 METHYL BUTYLENE
FROM THE SIDE
CH2
/ \
H3C - HC CH - CH3
\ /
CH2
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THIS STUDY, OF HEXENE: 2 METHYL BUTYLENE,
WAS MADE, WITH A SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE,
IN BELGIUM and LATER DUPLICATED,IN PARIS and AT CERN 208 TIMES.
IT SHOWS US, WHERE THE CH2, CH and CH3 GROUPS ARE,
AND WHY, THE METHYLS, ARE NOT OFTEN SENSED,
DURING NMR STUDYS OF HEXENE~2 METHYL BUTYLENE,
BECAUSE OF THE NEARNESS, OF THE HYDRON IONS
ON BOTH, THE CH HYDROLENE CARBONS.
USING ALL 3 STUDYS, IT WAS POSSIBLE, FOR CHEM-DATA.com
TO CREATE THE REVISED STRUCTURAL FORMULA, SHOWN LEFT
AND THE COMPUTER SIMULATION, SHOWN BELOW IT.
THE REVISED IUPAC NAME and COMPLETE FORMULA IS
HEXENE, 2 METHYL BUTYLENE
6.CBN +12.HDR = H3C + CH+2(CH2)+CH+CH3
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![]() A SIDE VIEW OF THE OIL
HYDROLYZING AGENT
HEXENE - 2 METHYL BUTYLENE
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THIS DRAWING OF A HEXENE~ 2 METHYL BUTYLENE
GAS MOLECULE, IS BASED ON THE ABOVE RESEARCH.
THE GAS, IS NOW USED, TO MAKE HYDROLYZED CORN OIL,
BAKING and FRYING AIDES and IN MANY "SHORTENINGS",
THAT MAKE BAKE GOODS, FLAKEY OR SOFT and TENDER.
HEXENE ~ 2 METHYL BUTYLENE
CAN BE MADE FROM SOY OIL, CANOLA OIL OR BEEF FAT
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RESEARCH
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![]() A LEED STUDY FROM BELGIUM
SHOWS THE LOCATION OF THE NUCLEI
OF THE ATOMS IN SHELL OIL, 1-BUTENE
![]() THIS MOLECULAR STRUCTURE STUDY
BY CHEM-DATA ANALYTICAL RESEARCH
SHOWS EXACTLY HOW THE SAME
MOLECULE OF SHELL 1-BUTENE
APPEARS FROM THE SIDE
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SIMILAR RESEARCH, FROM BELGIUM, SHOWS US ALSO,
THAT 1-BUTENE, IS TWICE AS LARGE, AS PREVIOUSLY THOUGHT.
THE STRUCTURAL FORMULA DEVELOPED, FROM THE LEED STUDY,
& THE MOLECULAR ANALYSIS, BY CHEM-DATA ANALYTICAL RESEARCH,
SHOWS US, THE ALKENES ,COMPLETE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE IS
CH2
/ \
HCH2 - H2C - HC CH - CH2 -H2CH
\ /
CH2
ITS IUPAC SYSTEM NAME IS OCTENE ~ 2 ETHYL BUTYLENE
IT IS CALLED IN PART, 2 ETHYL BUTYLENE
BECAUSE, BOTH THE ETHYL ESTERS,
ARE JOINED, TO THE "BUTYLENE" CORE, AFTER IT IS DISTILLED.
THE NEW COMPUTER SYSTEM NAME and FORMULA IS WRITTEN
OCTENE ~ 2 ETHYL BUTYLENE
8.CBN+16.HDR
=
H3C+CH2+CH+2( CH2 )+CH+CH2+CH3)
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![]() OCTENE~2 ETHYL BUTYLENE
VIEWED FROM THE SIDE
CH2
/ \
HCH2 - H2C - HC CH - CH2 -H2CH
\ /
CH2
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THE ILLUSTRATION LEFT
IS A COMPUTER SIMULATION OF,
OCTENE ~ 2 ETHYL BUTYLENE
BASED UPON, LOW ENERGY ELECTRON DIFFRACTION ( LEED )
MICROSCOPE STUDYS, OF THESE AMORPHOUS GAS MOLECULES.
45 SYNTHETIC SHOE LEATHERS USE,
THIS OCTENE, AND MANY SHOE DYES
ARE BUILT ON, THIS NEW OCTENE.
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RESEARCH
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2- BUTENE TO TETRA METHYL-BUTYLENE
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![]() TETRA METHYL BUTYLENE
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THIS IS A STUDY, FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA,
OF 2-BUTENE, FROM THEIR LOCAL GAS COMPANY.
IT TOLD THE NEBRASKA SENAT,E THAT THE GAS COMPANY,
WAS NOT SELLING CH3CH=CHCH3
BUT INSTEAD, SOLD A HEAVIER, LESS COMBUSTIBLE GAS,
WITH THE FORMULA ( CH+CH3 )4 = 8.CBN:+16.HDR:
BECAUSE OF THIS STUDY, THE GAS COMPANY WAS CLOSED,
& THE HEAVIER GAS, TETRA METHYL-BUTYLENE,
THEN BEGAN TO BE USED, TO FABRICATE,
SHOE GLAZES,FOR WOMENS SHOES,
SYNTHETIC HANDBAG LEATHERS,
& OTHER THIN LEATHERLIKE SHEET VINYL PRODUCTS,
FOR WHICH IT WAS ORGINALLY MADE BY MARTIN & WIESE.
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![]() A COMPUTER SIMULATION OF
OCTENE 4
TETRA METHYL BUTYLENE
8.CBN: + 16.HDR:
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LATER,THE OREGON COURTS FOUND THE SAME GAS COMPANY,
GUILTY OF FRAUD AND FORCED IUPAC, TO CHANGE THE NAME,
OF THE BOTTLED GAS, THEY WERE MARKETING, TO GAS COMPANYS,
TO TETRA METHYL BUTENE & OR TETRA METHYL BUTYLENE.
IUPAC, NOW SHOWS, 2-BUTENE & TETRA METHYL BUTYLENE,
WITH THE SAME CHEMICAL PROPERTYS.
THIS GAS, IS NOW MARKETED, FOR METHYLATION PURPOSES
FOR THE CREATION OF SYNTHETIC LEATHER COMPONENTS,
IN SOUTH AMERICA, AFRICA, AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND.
CH3
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CH
/ \
H3C - HC CH - CH3
\ /
CH
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CH3
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RESEARCH
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2 METHYL PROPENE = OCTENE ~ 2-2.METHYL BUTYLENE
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![]() AN ELECTRON POSITRON STUDY OF
2-2 METHYL BUTYLENE
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THIS IS A STUDY, OF MADE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA,
OF A GAS SOLD AS PROPANE.
IT SHOWED, THE STATE PUBLIC UTILITYS COMMISSION,
THAT 2 METHYL PROPENE, WAS NOT A PROPANE FOR COOKING,
WITH, 3 CARBON ATOMS, BUT INSTEAD, WAS A FORMULATION
DEVELOPED FOR MAKING, SYNTHETIC LEATHER PRODUCTS,
THAT HAS 8 CARBON ATOMS WITH THE FORMULA: 8.CBN+16.HDR
IUPAC NOW LISTS THIS GAS AS,
PARA METHYL BUTYLENE, ( METHYLPROPENE )
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![]() A COMPUTER SIMULATION OF
OCTENE 2-2 ~ 2-2 METHYL BUTYLENE
H3C HCH CH3
\ / \ /
C C
/ \ / \
H3C HCH CH3
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PARA METHYL BUTYLENE
2-2 METHYL BUTYLENE,
IS A GAS, NOW USED TO MAKE,
SPRAY ON CHEDDAR CHEESES,
BUTTER FLAVORED CANOLA OIL MARGERINES,
SPRAY ON HAIR MOUSSES, SPRAY ON HAND CREAMS,
WOMENS CONTRACEPTIVES & EYE GLASS CLEANSERS.
ITS COMPLETE, COMPUTER SYSTEM NAME & FORMULA IS:
OCTENE ~ 2-2 METHYL BUTYLENE
8.CBN+16.HDR = (CH3)2+C+2(CH2)+C+2(CH3)
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GASES USED
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SUBSTITUTED ALKENES
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FLUORINE..............FLORON = F
CHLORINE.............CLORON = Cl
NITROGEN...............NITRON = N
HYDROGEN...........HYDRON = H
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WHEN OTHER ATOMIC ELEMENTS, ARE SUBSTITUTED FOR,
EITHER THE HYDRON ATOMS, OR THE CARBON ATOMS IN A FORMULA
THE ALKENE IS CALLED A, SUBSTITUTED HYDRO-CARBON.
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RESEARCH
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THIS IS A STUDY OF A SOAP COMPONENT, MADE AT -168°F
THE IUPAC RATIO FORMULA IS: CFL2 = CFL2 = 2.CBN: + 4.CLR:
IN AN ATTEMPT, TO COMPREHEND, THE CORRECT BONDING
PROCEEDURE, TO BE USED, TO SYNTHESIZE, THIS COMPOUND,
THE UNIVERSITIES OF GERMANY and AUSTRIA WORKED TOGETHER,
TO STUDY, THIS EXPENSIVE, IMPORTED SOAP COMPONENT.
THE STUDYS, PROVED INCONCLUSIVE, UNTIL IT WAS COMBINED,
WITH AN NMR READING, OF THE SAME COMPOUND, THAT SHOWED,
THE LOCATION, OF A NUCLEUS, THAT HAD DEFIED ALL ATTEMPTS,
TO HIT IT, WITH THEIR LEED EQUIPMENT.
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![]() LEED STUDY OF
TETRA FLORO ETHYLENE
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BY COMBINING THE DATA PROVIDED BY THE LEED and NMR
EQUIPMENT, CHEM-DATA RESEARCH, WAS ABLE TO DRAW IN,
THE INTER-ATOMIC DISTANCE, DIAMETER CIRCLES,
THAT REVEALED, THE NATURAL BONDS, IN THIS CONJUGATED,
HALOGENATED ALKENE, NORMALLY DERIVED FROM LEMONS.
THIS INFORMATION ALLOWED THEM, TO DEVELOP A SYNTHESIS
SYSTEM, FOR EUROPEAN SOAP MANUFACTURERS, THAT SAVED
THEM HALF, OF THE NORMAL EXPENSES, FOR THE DIAL LIKE SOAP.
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![]() COMPUTER SIMULATION OF
TETRA FLORO ETHYLENE
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THIS IS A 3 DIMENSIONAL ILLUSTRATION, OF THIS SIMPLE ALKENE,
MADE FROM NATURAL ORGANIC COMPONENTS.
IT SHOWS, THAT THE UNSATURATED CARBON ATOMS,
HAVE CO-VALENT BONDS, TO BOTH OF THE PAIRS,
OF CO-VALENT BONDED, FLORON ATOMS.
THE COMPUTER SYSTEM FORMULA IS:
TETRA FLORO ETHYLENE
2.CBN + 4.FLR = F+F+(C)2+F+F
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TETRA CLORO ETHYLENE = OCTA CLORO BUTYLENE
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TETRA CLORO ETHYLENE HAS THE RATIO FORMULA
CCL2 = CCL2
THIS STUDY, FROM THE GOTTINGEN RESEARCH INSTITUTE,
SHOWS THAT, THIS COMPOUND, IS A BUTYLENE,
WITH PAIRED, "PARA" CLORON IONS.
THE WORD PARA, IS USED IN THE NAME OF A CHEMICAL,
WHEN THERE ARE, PAIRED CHEMICAL COMPONENTS,
AT OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE MOLECULE.
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THIS STUDY, FROM THE SORBONNE INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH,
WAS MADE, AT THE REQUEST OF THE DEAN, OF THE GOTTINGEN
RESEARCH INSTITUTE, WHO WAS NOT CONVINCED,
BY THE ABOVE STUDY OF TETRA CLORO ETHYLENE,
MADE ON THEIR SMALL GOTTINGEN, LEED MICROSCOPE.
THIS SIDE VIEW, MADE WITH A LARGER HEED MICROSCOPE,
IN ORLEANS,FRANCE, SHOWS THE PAIRED CLORON IONS,
ON EACH OF THE THREE CARBON IONS, VISIBLE FROM THIS VIEW.
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![]() OCTA CLORO BUTYLENE
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THIS IS A COMPUER SIMULATION, OF THE ENTIRE MOLECULE,
BASED ON THE DATA, OBTAINED IN BOTH, THE ABOVE STUDYS.
TETRA CLORO ETHYLENE, IS NOW CALLED:
OCTA-CLORO-BUTYLENE
4.CBN + 8.CLR = 4 ( CCL2 )
THIS SUBSTUTUTED HYDRO-CARBON, IS USED TO MAKE,
THE YELLOW COLORED PLASTIC, WIRE INSULATION,
THAT SURROUNDS, AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL WIRING
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THE OLEFINS
ARE COMBINATIONS
OF SEVERAL ALKENES
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BY FAR, THE LARGEST PRODUCTION, OF ALKENES TODAY,
IS IN THE RELATED FIELD OF OLEFINS.
OLEFINS, ARE OILY CHEMICALS MADE FROM,
WASTE,PETROLEUM INDUSTRY CHEMICALS
THAT ARE USED IN THE PRODUCTION
OF FIBRES and SYNTHETIC LEATHERS.
THEY ARE COMBINATIONS OF TWO OR MORE OF,
THE NINE ALKENES, THAT ARE ILLUSTRATED ABOVE.
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LESSON REVIEW
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THE PROPORTION OF THE HYDRON ATOMS TO CARBON ATOMS, IS LESS
IN FORMULAS FOR THE ALKENES, THAN IN THOSE, FOR THE ALKANES
THEREFORE,
THE ALKENES ARE CALLED, UNSATURATED HYDRO-CARBONS
WHEREAS,.........
THE ALKANES ARE ALL CALLED, SATURATED HYDRO-CARBONS
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