WHAT ARE ALKYNES ?
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A COLLEGE CHEMISTRY LESSON
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MODERN SOLVENTS
 PAINTS, PLASTICS and AIRCRAFT FUELS
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RESEARCH STUDYS
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AN INTRODUCTION TO THE ALKYNES
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 ALL THE STUDYS OF BUTADIENE
SHOW 12 ELECTRON HITS,
UPON THE NUCLEI OF THE ATOMS,
AND NOT 10 ELECTRON HITS.
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ALKYNES HAVE THE GENERAL RATIO FORMULA
( N )CBN + ( 2N -2 )HDR
THE IUPAC SYSTEM NAMES, FOR ALKYNES,
NORMALLY, START WITH THE LATIN PREFIX,
FOR THE NUMBER OF CARBON ATOMS,
IN THE RATIO FORMULA, FOR THE ALKYNE
and THEY END WITH, DIENE, DYNE OR ENE
THE SMALLEST OF THE ALKYNES,
IS CALLED BY THE IUPAC SYSTEM NAME
BUTADIENE ( BE-YOU-TAH-DAI-AEN )
IT HAS THE CHEMICAL RATIO FORMULA:
H2C=CH-CH=CH2 ( 4.CBN:+ 6.HDR: )
IN 1998, SCIENTISTS MADE THIS STUDY, OF THE ALKYNE,
BUTADIENE, AT -129°C IN ORDER TO SEE, WHY THEIR NMR,
ANALYSIS EQUIPMENT, INDICATED EACH OF THE MOLECULES,
OF THE BUTADIENE HAD EIGHT CARBON ATOMS and NOT FOUR.
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 A MOLECULAR SIZE and FORM STUDY OF
A LOW ENERGY ELECTRON DIFFRACTION
( L.E.E.D.) STUDY OF BUTADIENE
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CIRCLES, THE SIZE OF THE INTER-ATOMIC DISTANCE,
BETWEEN THE MOST CENTRAL NUCLEI, WERE DRAWN,
AROUND ALL SIX, OF THE INNER GROUP OF NUCLEAR HITS.
THEN CIRCLES, WITH THE RADIUS, THE SIZE OF THE REMAINING
DISTANCE, WERE DRAWN AROUND THE OUTER GROUP,
OF SIX NUCLEI and AROUND TWO, OF THE CENTRAL GROUP,
THAT SEEMED TO REFLECT MORE ELECTRONS
DURING THE LEED STUDY, THAN THE OTHER NUCLEI.
BECAUSE, THE TWO CENTRAL, PARA CARBONS, APPEARED
TO BE ABOVE, THE PLANE, OF THE 4 CARBON BUTENE GROUP,
THEY PETITIONED FOR APPROVAL, TO DO ANOTHER STUDY,
OF THE SAME MOLECULE, FROM THE SIDE.
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 A MOLECULAR FORM STUDY
OF THE SIDE OF BUTADIENE
OVER ANOTHER LEED STUDY
WHAT THE ENTIRE MOLECULE LOOKS LIKE
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THIS STUDY, MADE AT -168°C, AT THE TECNION UNIVERSITY,
WITH THE SAME SIZE CIRCLES DRAWN, ON THE NUCLEAR HITS
CLEARLY SHOWS, THE TWO PAIRS, OF METHYLENE CARBONS,
AT OPPOSITE ENDS, OF THE MOLECULE.
IT ALSO SHOWS, THAT THE BUTENE GROUP, IN THE CENTER,
ONLY CONTAINS, CH -HYDROLENE, CARBON ATOMS.
AS A RESULT, OF THESE TWO STUDYS,
A MORE EXACT, NEW NAME, AND A MORE PRECISE FORMULA,
WAS CREATED, THAT ALLOWED FOR, THE PROPER PHASING,
OF THE TWO TYPES, OF HYDRO-CARBON GROUPS,
CH HYDROLENES and CH2 METHYLENES, IN THE MOLECULE,
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 A COMPUTER SIMULATION
OF 2 BUTADIENE
NOW RENAMED OCTA-DYNE
EACH OF THE CH-HYDROLENES
BOND TO 3 OTHER CARBON ATOMS
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THIS ALLOWED, THE SYNTHEZING, OF THIS HYDRO-CARBON,
AT HALF THE COST and IN ONE QUARTER THE TIME.
THE TWO STUDYS, OF THE ENTIRE MOLECULE,
SHOW CLEARLY, THAT THE CH2 METHYLENE CARBONS,
ARE NOT DOUBLE BONDED, TO THE CH HYDROLENES,
BUT INSTEAD, EACH BOND TO TWO, CH HYDROLENES.
THEREFORE, THE DIENE ENDING, WHICH MEANS,
THAT THE MOLECULE CONTAINED TWO DOUBLE BONDS,
IS INCORRECT, AND AS A RESULT,
THIS HYDRO-CARBON IS RENAMED, OCTADYNE ~ 2 BUTADIENE
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 THIS IS THE NEW STRUCTURAL
FORMULA DRAWING FOR
OCTADYNE ~ 2 BUTADIENE
THE HC - CH BONDS
ARE MADE 35-50 MINUTES
AFTER THE FOURTH ELECTRON
ORBITAL HAS BEEN RE-STATIONED
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THE NEW IUPAC COMPUTER SYSTEM FORMULA IS:
OCTADYNE = 2 BUTADIENE
8.CBN + 12.HDR =
( CH+2(CH2)+CH ) + ( CH 2(CH2 )+CH )
OCTADYNE, IS ONE OF THE MOST POPULAR ALKYNES,
BECAUSE IT IS A MIXABLE LIQUID, UNTIL 10°C
MANY TYPES OF PAINT PIGMENTS, PLASTICS and SOFT NYLONS
ARE MADE WITH THIS LIQUID ALKYNE HYDRO-CARBON.
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MULTI - CYCLIC ALKYNES
HEXA~CYCLO-PROPYNE
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THE CHEMICAL FORMULA FOR THE ENTIRE MOLECULE IS:
HEXA ~ CYCLO-PROPYNE
6 ( CH +CH2 +CH ) = 18.CBN + 24.HDR
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TRI ~ CYCLO-PENTYNES
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 A MOLECULAR FORM STUDY
FROM THE SIDE OF PENTYNE
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THE FIRST RATIO FORMULA FOR PENTYNE WAS
C4H7-CH = 5.CBN + 8.HDR
WHEN MANY OIL COMPANYS, REQUESTED IUPAC,
TO VERIFY THE FORMULAS, OF THE ALKYNES,
THEY HIRED MARTIN and WIESE, WHO HAD RECENTLY COMPLETED,
THEIR WORK, ON THE ELECTRON ORBITALS OF ATOMIC ELEMENTS.
THIS IS ONE OF TWO, EXACTLY EQUAL STUDYS, OF PENTYNE,
MADE BY MARTIN and WIESE IN THE USA
AND THEN, BY THE DIRECTORS OF IUPAC IN ENGLAND.
WHO REPEATED THE STUDY, BECAUSE, NO ONE AT IUPAC,
WOULD BELIEVE, THAT PENTYNE HAD,
THREE GROUPS OF 5 CARBON ATOMS, IN ITS MOLECULES.
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 A MOLECULAR FORM STUDY
FROM THE FRONT OF PENTYNE
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WHEN THE IUPAC STUDY, ALSO SHOWED MORE THAN 15,
NUCLEAR HITS, AT THEIR WORLD CENTER IN ENGLAND,
MARTIN and WIESE, THEN MADE THIS SECOND STUDY,
OF PENTYNE, WORKING AT A TEMPERATURE OF -169°C
AT DARTMOUTH UNIVERSITY.
"THIS STUDY, MADE FROM THE FRONT, SHOWS THAT,
THE HEXAGONAL CRYSTAL FORM OF TRI~CYCLO-PENTYNE,
IS A RESULT OF THE TRIAGONAL FORM OF ITS,
TWO OUTER,TRI-CARBON,3-CH, ALKYNE GROUPS"
THEY WROTE IN 1977, FOR SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN.
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 TRI-CYCLO PENTYNE
15.CBN + 24.HDR
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THE NEW COMPUTER SYSTEM FORMULA IS,
TRI-CYCLO-PENTYNE = 3-PENTYNE
15.CBN + 24.HDR
=
3 [ CH + [ C + 2( CH3 ) ] + CH ]
TRI-CYCLO PENTYNE, IS MADE FROM, FROZEN BUYTYLENE,
PROCESSED WITH A TRI-METHYL ALCOHOL.
IT HAS BEEN USED, AS A FUEL, IN MANY SPACE FLIGHTS,
BECAUSE, IT IS ABLE TO COMPRESS WELL.
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TRI-CYCLO-HEPTYNE
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 A MOLECULAR FORM STUDY
FROM THE SIDE OF HEPTYNE
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HEPTYNE, THEN BECAME OF INTEREST TO IUPAC,
BECAUSE, THEY WERE CONSTANTLY ASKED,
WHY ISN'T THERE AN OCTYNE AMONGST THE ALKYNES ?
AFTER 25 YEARS OF QUESTIONS, FROM SCHOOL TEACHERS,
THEY DECIDED, TO DO SEVERAL STUDYS, OF FROZEN ALKYNES,
IN ORDER TO VERIFY, MARTIN and WIESE'S STATEMENT.
" THAT ALKYNES ARE ONLY ODD NUMBER FUNCTIONS "
THIS STUDY, DONE BY THE IUPAC TEAM, OF LEIGH and MARTIN,
PROVED, ONCE and FOR ALL TIME, THAT THE ALKYNES,
ARE TRI-CYCLIC AND ODD NUMBERED
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 TRI-CYCLIC HEPTYNE
21.CBN + 36.HDR
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THE SIX STUDYS, SHOWED A PAIR, OF METHYLS ON EACH SIDE
OF EXACTLY THE SAME CARBON STRUCTURE,
AS IN THEIR EARLIER STUDYS, OF TRI-CYCLO-PENTYNE.
THIS GAVE WIESE, ADEQUATE ATOMIC DATA,
TO ROUGH IN A SKETCH OF TRI-CYCLO PENTYNE
THAT WAS THE FOUNDATION, FOR THIS COMPUTER SIMULATION
THE NEW COMPUTER SYSTEM FORMULA IS;
TRI-CYCLO-HEPTYNE = 3-HEPTYNE
21.CBN + 36.HDR
=
3 [ H3C + C + ( C + 2(CH3 ) +C + CH3 ]
TRI-CYCLO HEPTYNE, IS A SIX PHASE CHEMCIAL MADE BY
MANY SEALANT and REFRIGERATOR COMPANYS.IT IS ALSO USED,
AS A FUEL COMPONENT BY THE FRENCH RAILWAYS, AIRBUSES/
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TRI-CYCLO-NONYNE
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 3-NONYNE = TRI-CYCLO NONYNE
27.CBN: + 48.HDR:
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TRI-CYCLO-NONYNE, FOLLOWED AT THE REQUEST,
OF THE SCHOOL TEACHERS OF BOTH, FRANCE & GERMANY.
MARTIN & WIESE, WERE ABLE TO VERIFY ,THIS SIMULATION,
WITH DATA, FROM A NMR ANALYTICAL STUDY MADE AT HARVARD,
AND A LEED STUDY OF 3-NONYNE, MADE BY LEIGH OF IUPAC.
THE NEW COMPUTER SYSTEM FORMULAS ARE:
TRI-CYCLO-NONYNE = 3-NONYNE
27.CBN + 48.HDR
=
3 [ H3C+CH2) + [ C+ ( C + 2( 'CH3 ) ) + C ] + (CH2+CH3) ]
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TRI-CYCLO-UNDECYNE
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 A MOLECULAR FORM STUDY
FROM THE FRONT OF UNDECYNE
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THE SCIENCE TEACHERS OF RUSSIA, WROTE MANY LETTERS,
TO THE DIRECTORS OF INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES,
REQUESTING THEM, TO NOT FLY, OVER SIBERIA,
USING NONANE AND UNDECANE PETROLEUM FUELS.
BECAUSE, THOSE FUELS, WERE DESTROYING, THEIR WILDLIFE.
SHORTLY AFTER, THESE STUDYS WERE MADE,
THE AIRLINES, BEGAN TO USE, THESE LAST TWO FUELS,
AND SIBERIAN BIRDS, BEGAN TO FLY AGAIN.
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 TRI-CYCLO UNDECYNE
( 3-UNDECYNE )
33.CBN: + 60.HDR:
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THIS COMPUTER SIMULATION. OF TRI-CYCLO-UNDECYNE.
SHOWS US. THE ENORMOUS DIFFERENCE,BETWEEN,
THE SIMPLE ALKANE PETROLEUM FUELS
& THESE TEN TIMES LARGER, TURBINE FUELS,
DEVELOPED BY CHEM-DATA ANALYTICAL RESEARCH TEAMS,
FOR THE AIRLINES OF THE WORLD
THE NEW COMPUTER SYSTEM FORMULA IS;
TRI-CYCLO UNDECYNE = 3-UNDECYNE
33.CBN + 60.HDR
=
3[ H3C+CH2) + [C ( C + 2(CH2+CH3 ) )+C ] + (CH2+'CH3) ]
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LESSON REVIEW
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THIS INFORMATION WAS COMPILED BY CHEM-DATA.COM
THE PUBLISHERS OF NEW, COMPUTER RELATED PERIODIC TABLES
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