WHAT ARE ATOMS ?

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" height=56 BGCOLOR="#006699" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#FFFBF0" FACE="Arial" ><B>CHEMISTRY SCHOOL</B></FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FFFBF0" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FFFFCC" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT><B>     </B><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="CHEMISTRY SCHOOL"><U>HOME PAGE - INDEX TO THE LESSONS</U></A><B>          </B> USE F-11 <B>                                                 </B>PAGE  1<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#006699" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT></div> <div>                                                             <A HREF="what_are_atoms.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="WHAT ARE ATOMS ?"><U>PAGE 1   WHAT ARE ATOMS ?</U></A>        <A HREF="inside_of_atoms.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="INSIDE OF ATOMS"><U>PAGE 2    INSIDE OF ATOMS</U></A>       <A HREF="how_atoms_join.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="HOW ATOMS JOIN"><U>PAGE 3   HOW ATOMS JOIN</U></A></div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" height=424 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <I><B>     </B></I><I><B>WHAT ARE ATOMS ?</B></I><I><B>       </B></I><I><B>                                                                                   </B></I><I><B> <A NAME="what_are_atoms__"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></I></div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="627" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 1921 ><NOBR><div> IN THE 1970's RESEARCH SCIENTISTS BUILT,</div> <div> LARGE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPES,</div> <div> TO STUDY THE INSIDE OF PIECES OF </div> <div> PURE BORON, SILICON, COPPER & TIN</div> <div> THEIR SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPES,</div> <div> IN EACH CASE, SHOWED THAT THE PIECES</div> <div> OF THOSE PURE MATERIALS</div> <div> WERE MADE OF SMALL ROUND FORMS,</div> <div> & THAT EACH OF THOSE PURE MATERIALS</div> <div> HAD A DIFFERENT SIZE, ROUND FORM IN IT,</div> <bR> <div> THEY ALSO OBSERVED, THAT THOUGH,</div> <div> EACH OF THE PIECES OF PURE MATERIALS</div> <div> WERE EXACTLY THE SAME SIZE,</div> <div> EACH DIFFERENT PLATE, </div> <div> HAD A DIFFERENT WEIGHT,</div> <div> AND A DIFFERENT HARDNESS</div> <div> THEN, </div> <div> SCIENTISTS FROM OTHER UNIVERSITYS ALSO,</div> <div> BUILT SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPES,</div> <div> TO STUDY  THE OTHER DIFFERENT TYPES</div> <div> OF PURE PRIMAL MATERIALS, THAT THEY,</div> <div> CALLED, " THE ATOMIC ELEMENTS "</div> <div> INCLUDING FROZEN ATOMS OF THE GASES</div> <div> <A HREF="simplified_atomic_names.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="NEW SIMPLIFIED NAMES"><U>HYDRON, OCSION, CLORON & HELION </U></A></div> <div> AND THE PURE METALINES & METALS</div> <div> THAT ARE SOFT OR LIQUID, </div> <div> AT OUR BODY TEMPERATURE,  SUCH AS,</div> <div> <A HREF="simplified_atomic_names.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="NEW SIMPLIFIED NAMES"><U>CESION, GALION, RUBIDION & MERCURON</U></A>.</div> <div> IN EACH CASE, THEY FOUND THAT,</div> <div> THOSE PURE PRIMAL MATERIALS,  WERE MADE</div> <div> OF SMALL ROUND FORMS,OF DIFFERENT SIZES </div> <div> AND DIFFERENT WEIGHTS & HARDNESS.</div> <div> LOOKING AT THESE MICROSCOPIC STUDYS,</div> <div> IT WAS VERY EVIDENT, TO THE SCIENTISTS,</div> <div> THAT THESE SMALL ROUND FORMS,</div> <div> MUST BE, THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS,</div> <div> THAT EACH OF THOSE PURE MATERIALS,</div> <div> ARE MADE OUT OF, THEREFORE,</div> <div> THEY MUST BE, THE <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" >ATOMS,</FONT></div> <div> THAT SIR ISAAC NEWTON SUGGESTED,</div> <div> WERE, THE SMALLEST UNITS,</div> <div> OF EACH, PURE ELEMENTAL MATERIAL.</div> <div> WHAT SURPRISED, THE SCIENTISTS MOST,</div> <div> WERE THE DIFFERENT WAYS, </div> <div> THAT THE ATOMS, OF EACH,</div> <div> DIFFERENT TYPE OF PURE MATERIAL,</div> <div> GROUPED TOGETHER,</div> <div> IN REPETITIVE, UNITARY MOLECULES.</div> <div> BUT, BECAUSE BOTH COPPER & TIN </div> <div> HAD SIMILAR UNITARY MOLECULES </div> <div> EVERY ONE THOUGHT THAT ALL METALS</div> <div> HAD SIMILAR SHAPED UNITARY MOLECULES</div> <div> OR AS THEY ARE CALLED BY SCIENTISTS</div> <div> UNITARY <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" >ATOMIC CRYSTALS</FONT></div> <bR> <div> HOWEVER, </div> <div> WHEN SCIENTISTS IN NEW ZEALAND</div> <div> FINISHED THEIR MICROSCOPIC STUDY </div> <div> OF PURE <A HREF="simplified_atomic_names.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="NEW SIMPLIFIED NAMES"><U>ZINC-ZINCON</U></A> METAL ATOMS</div> <div> THEY SAW THAT ZINCON, </div> <div> HAS AN UNUSUAL, HEXAGONAL, </div> <div> UNITARY, ATOMIC CRYSTAL </div> <bR> <div> THEN...</div> <div> THEY BEGAN, TO BELIEVE,</div> <div> THAT THE ATOMS, OF EACH METAL, </div> <div> MAKE A VERY DIFFERENT  ATOMIC CRYSTAL.</div> <div> ONE OF THE SCIENTISTS THEN SAID, </div> <div> IT MUST BE, THAT EACH TYPE OF ATOM,</div> <div> HAS SOMETHING GOING ON.. INSIDE OF IT, </div> <div> THAT IS CAUSING THEM, </div> <div> TO JOIN TOGETHER,IN THESE PLATES</div> <div> IN VARIOUS WAYS </div> <div> AND MAKE SO MANY, </div> <div> DIFFERENT SHAPED, ATOMIC CRYSTALS.</div> <div> LET US STUDY NOW, THE INSIDE, </div> <div> OF ALL,THE 81 STABLE TYPES OF ATOMS, </div> <div> SO THAT..WE CAN COMPREHEND,</div> <div> WHY THEY JOIN TOGETHER, AS THEY DO.</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div>         <IMG SRC="1d9bdfd80.gif" border=0 width="223" height="216" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE IMAGE</div> <div> OF THE SURFACE OF A PIECE OF</div> <div> PURE BORON</div> <div>            BORON IS AN ORGANIC ATOMIC ELEMENT </div> <div>            USED IN OUR BONES & TREE LEAVES AND</div> <div>            WHEN IT IS MIXED WITH OTHER METALS </div> <div>            TO FORM,HARD BRONZE-LIKE ALLOYS </div> <div>            IT IS THEN,CALLED A,<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" > METALLOID</FONT></div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b4ee5e30.gif" border=0 width="229" height="227" ALT="SILICON CRYSTALS" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div>  A  POSITRON  MICROSCOPE IMAGE</div> <div>  OF THE SURFACE OF A PIECE OF </div> <div> PURE SILICON</div> <div>     SILICON IS AN<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" > ORGANIC ATOMIC ELEMENT</FONT></div> <div>     USED IN OUR BONES,TEETH,HAIR & VEINS</div> <div>     AND A <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" >METALLOID</FONT> ALLOYED WITH METALS</div> <div>     TO PRODUCE TRANSISTORS & DIODES</div> <div>     </div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <IMG SRC="b50e9ea0.gif" border=0 width="233" height="234" ALT="COPPER CRYSTALS" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> AN  ELECTRON  MICROSCOPE IMAGE</div> <div> OF THE SURFACE OF PURE</div> <div> COPPER ~ COPPRE  METAL ATOMS<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#006699" FACE="Arial" >  </FONT></div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="b52e2e40.gif" border=0 width="226" height="228" ALT="TIN CRYSTALS" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> A  POSITRON  MICROSCOPE IMAGE</div> <div>       OF THE  SURFACE OF</div> <div> TIN - TININE  METAL  ATOMS</div> <bR> <div>   THE TININE ATOMS HAVE A SIMILAR</div> <div>   PATTERN TO THE <A HREF="simplified_atomic_names.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="NEW SIMPLIFIED NAMES"><U>COPPRE</U></A> ATOMS </div> <div>   THAT ARE,SHOWN ABOVE, BUT THE</div> <div>   ATOMS ARE 10% LARGER IN SIZE</div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div>     <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#CC0033" FACE="Arial" ><IMG SRC="b54e3e30.gif" border=0 width="227" height="227" ALT="ZINC CRYSTALS" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></FONT></div> <div> AN  ELECTRON  MICROSCOPE  IMAGE</div> <div> OF THE SURFACE OF</div> <div> ZINC - ZINCON  META<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#006699" FACE="Arial" >L</FONT> ATOMS</div> <bR> <div> THIS ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY</div> <div> OF ZINCON ATOMIC CRYSTALS </div> <div> SHOWS, A HEXAGONAL GROUPING</div> <div> THAT IS NOT PLANIER, BUT INSTEAD,</div> <div> HAS THREE ZINCON ATOMS ABOVE</div> <div> AND THREE ZINCON ATOMS BELOW.</div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div>  </div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO LEARN,  WHAT THEY DISCOVERED<A HREF="inside_of_atoms.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="INSIDE OF ATOMS"><U> CLICK ON PAGE 2</U></A></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <A HREF="what_are_atoms_m.htm" TITLE="WHAT ARE ATOMS ?"><U>BACK TO TOP</U></A></div> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>